Wiring diagrams (pinout) for computer and TV connectors

Typically, a computer power supply has 6 or 5 connectors: 4 (4 pin) for powering drives and 2 (6 pin) (AT) or 1 (20 pin) (ATX) for the motherboard.

Motherboard power connectors

AT motherboard power connectors

P8 №	Signal	Color
1	Power Good	orange
2	+5V	red
3	+12V	yellow
4	-12V	blue
5	frame	black
6	frame	black

P9

№

Signal	Color
1	frame	black
2	frame	black
3	-5V	white
4	+5V	red
5	+5V	red
6	+5V	red

ATX motherboard power connector

№	Signal	№	Signal
1*	+3.3 V	11	+3.3 V
2	+3.3 V	12	-12 V
3	Earth	13*	Earth
4	+5 V	14*	Power Supply On
5	Earth	15	Earth
6	+5 V	16	Earth
7	Earth	17	Earth
8	Power Good	18	-5 V
9	+5 V Standby	19	+5 V
10	+12 V	20	+5 V

Drive power connector

№	Signal	Color
1	+12V	yellow
2	frame	black
3	frame	black
4	+5V	red

Keyboard connectors

Attention! Contacts are not numbered in a circle; pay attention to the number next to the contact.

DIN5	PS/2
№	Signal	Purpose
1	Clock frequency	Exit
2	Data line	Enter exit
3	Reset	—
4	Frame	Entrance
5	+5V	Entrance

№

Signal	Enter exit
1	Data line	Enter exit
2	Not connected	Reserve
3	Frame	Entrance
4	+5V	Entrance
5	Clock frequency	Exit
6	Not connected	Reserve

Connector pinout pinout

Even such an attractive connector as SCART cannot be used indefinitely. It was replaced by an S-Video connection. It is still widely used in various technologies. To connect to SCART, you can use widely used adapters. The wiring diagram is shown in the picture below.

But an even simpler solution is becoming more widespread - RCA. Separate connection involves the use of yellow, red and white plugs. The yellow and white lines are responsible for stereo audio. The red channel supplies the video signal to the TV. Wiring into “tulips” is carried out according to the diagram shown in the following photo.

Quite often you have to solve another problem - how to connect the old connector and modern HDMI. In this case, you won’t be able to limit yourself to conductors and adapters. You will have to use a device that will “translate” HDMI digital signals into analog and vice versa. Independent production of such equipment is impossible or extremely difficult.

For SCART connectors, see below.

USB cable connector

№	Signal	№	Signal
A1	Vcc	B1	Vcc
A2	Port0 data+	B2	Port1 data+
A3	Port0 data-	B3	Port1 data-
A4	GND	B4	GND

RJ-45 connector (for twisted pair connection)

(the cable is directed away from the viewer)

When connecting a computer to a hub, the “normal” layout is used. When cascading hubs or when connecting a computer to a computer (without a hub), the “uplink” layout is used at one end of the cable, and the “normal” layout at the other.

№	Fine	uplink
1	brown	brown
2	white-brown	white-brown
3	green	orange
4	white-blue	white-blue
5	blue	blue
6	white-green	white-orange
7	orange	green
8	white-orange	white-green

Pinout of USB connectors in a PC

Pinout of USB connectors 1.0-2.0 (Universal Serial Bus).

USB 2.0 Series A, B and Mini

USB 2.0 Micro USB

USB 2.0 on motherboard

Motherboard connector pinout for USB 2.0 front panel

USB 3.0 connector diagram

Pinout of USB 3.0 connectors (Universal Serial Bus).

USB 3.0 Series A, B, Micro-B and Powered-B. The Powered-B series differs from the B series in that it has 2 additional pins available that serve to transmit additional power, thus the device can receive up to 1000 mA of current. This eliminates the need for an additional power source for low-power devices.

USB 3.0 on motherboard

Motherboard connector pinout for USB 3.0 front panel

• Read more about micro USB here

Cable for connecting drives

Cores 10 to 16 are twisted - necessary to identify the drive.

The odd numbered contacts are the body.

№	Enter exit	Signal	Meaning
2	Entrance	High/normal density	High/Regulatory Density
4	Entrance	Unused	Manufacturer Specification
6	Entrance	Unused	Manufacturer Specification
8	Exit	Index	Index Hole Identification
10	Entrance	Motor Enable 0	Drive A motor: enabled
12	Entrance	Drive Select 1	Activating drive B:
14	Entrance	Drive Select 0	Activating drive A:
16	Entrance	Motor Enable 1	Drive B motor: enabled
18	Entrance	Direction Select	Specifying the direction for the head
20	Entrance	Step	Impulse for head movement
22	Entrance	Write Data	Data recording
24	Entrance	Write Gate	Signal to overwrite data
26	Exit	Track 00	The head is on the zero track
28	Exit	Write Protect	The presence of disk write protection
30	Exit	Read Data	Reading data
32	Entrance	Side Select	First or second side access
34	Exit	Drive Status	Drive ready

Interfaces

Most GPIOs have additional capabilities, since pins from other microcontroller systems are connected to them, you are already familiar with them from the previous lesson:

• ADC (ADC, analog-to-digital converter) – green ADC* on the pinout
• UART (communication interface) – blue TXD and RXD on pinout
• Timer outputs , also known as PWM pins, are light purple OC*A and OC*B , where * is the timer number
• SPI (communication interface) – blue SS , MOSI , MISO , SCK
• I2C (communication interface) – blue SDA and SCL
• INT (hardware interrupts) – pink INT0 and INT1 , as well as PCINT* – PinChangeInterrupt

Cable for connecting IDE devices

Contact	Enter exit	Signal	Meaning
1	Exit	Reset	Reset
2	—	GND	Frame
3	Enter exit	HD7	Data line 7
4	Enter exit	HD8	Data line 8
5	Enter exit	HD6	Data line 6
6	Enter exit	HD9	Data line 9
7	Enter exit	HD5	Data line 5
8	Enter exit	HD10	Data line 10
9	Enter exit	HD4	Data line 4
10	Enter exit	HD11	Data line 11
11	Enter exit	HD3	Data line 3
12	Enter exit	HD12	Data line 12
13	Enter exit	HD2	Data line 2
14	Enter exit	HD13	Data line 13
15	Enter exit	HD1	Data line 1
16	Enter exit	HD14	Data line 14
17	Enter exit	HD0	Data line 0
18	Enter exit	HD15	Data line 15
19	—	GND	Frame
20	—	KEY	Connector key (missing)
21	—	Reserved	Reserved
22	—	GND	Frame
23	Exit	IOW	Reading strobe
24	—	GND	Frame
25	Exit	IOR	Recording strobe
26	—	GND	Frame
27	Entrance	IOCHRDY	I/O Channel Ready
28	Exit	ALE	Address strobe
29	—	Reserved	Reserved
30	—	GND	Frame
31	Entrance	IRQ14	Interrupt Request
32	Entrance	HIO16	Sign of access to a 16-bit port
33	Exit	HA1	Address line 1
34	Enter exit	Reserved	Reserved
35	Exit	HA0	Address line 0
36	Exit	HA2	Address line 2
37	Exit	CS0	Select Disc 1
38	Exit	CS1	Select disc 2
39	Enter exit	ACTIV	Confirming drive selection
40	—	GND	Frame

Pinout of USB type connectors.

• the first wire (red), it is supplied with a DC supply voltage of +5 V;
• the second contact (white), it is used to transmit information (D-);
• the third wire (green), it is also intended for transmitting information (D+);
• the fourth contact (black), zero supply voltage is supplied to it, it is also called the common wire.

• The first four pins are completely consistent with the 2.0 standard, so let's move on.
• The fifth pin (blue) is used to transmit information with a minus sign of USB3 (StdA_SSTX).
• The sixth pin is similar to the fifth pin, but with a plus sign (yellow).
• Seventh – additional grounding.
• The eighth pin (purple) is for receiving USB3 data (StdA_SSRX) with a minus sign.
• And finally, the last ninth (orange) is the same as the seventh pin, only with a plus sign.

Wallpapering walls with your own hands, and how to glue wallpaper correctly

Micro USB pinout:

• the first contact (red) is intended to supply + 5 V supply voltage;
• the second and third wires (white and green) are used for data transmission;
• the fourth lilac contact in type B connectors is not used, but in type A connectors it is connected to a common wire to support the OTG function
• the last, fifth, contact (black) is supply voltage zero.

Computer technology has swept the whole world and, probably, there is no person who does not know how to use a computer. But of course, people are interested not only in the computer itself, but also in all the additional elements that change, speed up and transform the operation of such computer equipment.

Thus, recently universal USB buses, which serve as a computer interface, have become very popular. They were invented in the twentieth century, but they began to be developed only three years later. And then a new USB model appeared, which, unlike the first one, worked much better. For example, the speed of its work was increased forty times. And therefore the charge lasted longer.

But after some time, the developers of such a computer interface as USB still had low speed

in order to use external hard drives and other devices whose speed was much greater. Therefore, the creators of USB had to change the device so that a new model was obtained. Now the speed of the third type of USB has become ten times faster. Of course, this also affected charging.

The USB cable consists of four conductors made of copper. These are two conductors intended for power supply, and the remaining conductors are in a twisted pair. This kit also includes a grounded braid.

USB cables have different physical ends. It depends on what device it is connected to. There are connections to the device itself and to the host. Moreover, USB can be with or without a cable. Another option is possible: the cable is built into the device itself. The cable is necessary to form an interface between the device and the host.

Let's now take a little look at the host. It acts as a special controller, which is programmed and controlled. Its task: to ensure the operation of the interface. By the way, the controller can most often be found in a microcircuit. A hub is required to connect the controller to other devices.

But in order to connect external devices to the hub, ports are used, at the end of which there are connectors. Cables help USB devices connect to ports. The device can be powered differently: from the bus or some kind of external power source.

It only takes a few minutes to get started and you can get started. First, the signal to start working is sent to the cable hub

, which further informs that the equipment is ready for operation.

But it is worth remembering one rule. Whenever you start pinouting a device, first determine what the pinout is on your cable. The USB connector helps you connect all external devices to your computer. This modern connection method replaces all those methods that were previously available. This connector provides additional options

: When operating computer equipment, any devices can be connected and immediately put into operation. It may also affect the charging operation.

Parallel interface

Centronics cable connector pin assignments

25 pin	36 pin	Signal	Enter exit	Meaning
1	1	STROBE	Exit	Data readiness
2	2	D0	Exit	1 bit of data
3	3	D1	Exit	2 data bits
4	4	D2	Exit	3 data bits
5	5	D3	Exit	4 data bits
6	6	D4	Exit	5 data bits
7	7	D5	Exit	6 data bits
8	8	D6	Exit	7 data bits
9	9	D7	Exit	8 data bits
10	10	ACK	Entrance	Data reception control
11	11	BUSY	Entrance	The printer is not ready to receive (busy)
12	12	P.E.	Entrance	End of paper
13	13	SLCT	Entrance	Monitoring the Printer Status
14	14	A.F.	Exit	Automatic line feed (LF) after carriage return (CR)
15	32	ERROR	Entrance	Error
16	31	INIT	Exit	Initializing the Printer
17	36	SLCT IN	Exit	The printer is on-line
18	33	GND	—	Frame
19	19	GND	—	Frame
20	20	GND	—	Frame
21	21	GND	—	Frame
22	22	GND	—	Frame
23	23	GND	—	Frame
24	24	GND	—	Frame
25	25	GND	—	Frame
—	15	GND/NC	—	Housing/loose
—	16	GND/NC	—	Housing/loose
—	17	GND	—	Printer circuit board housing
—	18	+5V DC	Entrance	+5 V
—	26	GND	—	Frame
—	27	GND	—	Frame
—	28	GND	—	Frame
—	29	GND	—	Frame
—	30	GND	—	Frame
—	34	NC	—	Free
—	35	+5V DC/NC	—	+5 V/free

Classification and pinout

Connectors are usually classified by type, there are only two of them:

• A is a plug connected to the female socket installed on the PC system board or USB hub. Using this type of connection, you can connect a USB flash drive, keyboard, mouse, etc. These connections are fully compatible between the initial version and the second generation. With the latest modification, compatibility is partial, that is, devices and cables from earlier versions can be connected to third-generation sockets, but not vice versa.

  
  Type A connectors

• B – plug for connecting to a socket installed on a peripheral device, for example, a printer. The dimensions of the classic type B do not allow it to be used for connecting small-sized devices (for example, tablets, mobile phones, digital cameras, etc.). To correct the situation, two standard reduced modifications of type B were adopted: mini and micro USB.

Note that such convectors are compatible only between earlier modifications.

Various Type B Connector Models

In addition, there are extension cables for the ports of this interface. At one end there is a type A plug, and at the other there is a socket for it, that is, in fact, a “female” - “male” connection. Such cords can be very useful, for example, to connect a flash drive without crawling under the table to the system unit.

USB Extension Cable

Now let's look at how contacts are wired for each of the types listed above.

Serial data transfer

Serial interface (RS-232) connector pin assignments

DB9	DB25	Signal	Enter exit	Meaning
1	8	DCD (Data Carrier Detect)	Entrance	Data carrier detection
2	3	RXD (Receive Data)	Entrance	Received data
3	2	TXD (Transmit Data)	Exit	Transmitted data
4	20	DTR (Data Terminal Ready)	Exit	Terminal readiness
5	7	GND (Ground)	Frame	Signal ground
6	6	DSR (Data Set Ready)	Entrance	Modem readiness
7	4	RTS (Request To Send)	Exit	Transfer request
8	5	CTS (Clear To Send)	Entrance	Reset for transfer
9	22	RI (Ring Indicator)	Entrance	Ring indicator

Universal plug - 3.5 jack pinout for connecting to headphone and smartphone jacks

Pinout of jack 3.5 is not particularly difficult; skill with a soldering iron is enough. Therefore, almost any user of headsets that require such a connector can repair a failed connector or solder a new one to the wire.

Audio jacks were invented in the 19th century for use in telephone switches and are still widely used to transmit analog audio signals.

Contact configuration

Pin no.	PIN name	Description
1.	Tip	Left
2.	Ring	Right
3.	Ring	Earth
4.	Sleeve	Microphone

Short description

The 3.5mm jack is a universal audio jack size for smartphones, PCs and laptops. Additionally, for hams, the 3.5mm audio jack is a useful component for projects that connect to headphone jacks. There are different types of audio connectors such as TS, TRS and TRRS used in various applications, but the most common ones that we see in everyday life are TRS and TRRS.

Types: 3.5mm Jack

1. TS type pin-type audio connector

These types of audio jacks do not support stereo audio and microphone, which means there is no left or right channel. You will get the same sound from both sides. Below is the pinout of a 3.5 TS type jack.

Applications: Still used on musical equipment (especially electric guitars) and aircraft radios.

2. TRS type pin-type audio connector

Shown here is a TRS type connector, "T" stands for Tip, "R" stands for Ring, and "S" stands for Sleeve. These types of audio jacks support stereo audio and do not support a microphone. Thus, using this type, you can only listen to music, but cannot talk to the caller. Below is the pinout of a TRS type audio jack.

Application: speakers, microphone, keyboards, etc.

3. TRRS type pin-type audio connector

The TRRS type audio plug has four conductors and is most popular among smartphone and tablet users. The pin sequence of TRRS type audio connectors is tip-ring-ring-sleeve and microphone, it is also a stereo plug. There are a number of standards that are used to create these audio connectors, such as OMTB and CTIA. This is the reason why your smartphone does not support other brands of headphones. Below is the pinout of a 3.5mm TRS type jack.

Application: Used in many branded headphones such as Apple, Nokia, Samsung, Panasonic, etc.

Self-pinout of 3.5 mm jack

To use the 3.5mm audio jack in your projects or prototypes, you must solder wires to the jack pins. Remove the above plastic shell and you will see the connector pins as shown in the images above. Now use the stranded wires to solder the pins and then cover it with the plastic casing again.

Adapter from PS/2 to 9-pin RS232

PS/2	RS232
1	1
2	Not busy
3	3, linked to pin 5
4	Associated with pins 7 and 9
5	6
6	Not busy

Mini USB pinout

This connection option is used only in early versions of the interface; in the third generation this type is not used.

Mini USB connector pinout

As you can see, the wiring of the plug and socket is almost identical to the micro USB, respectively, the color scheme of the wires and the contact numbers are also the same. Actually, the differences are only in shape and size.

In this article we have presented only standard types of connections; many manufacturers of digital equipment practice introducing their own standards; there you can find connectors for 7 pin, 8 pin, etc. This introduces certain difficulties, especially when the question arises of finding a charger for a mobile phone. It should also be noted that products are in no hurry to tell how the USB pinout is done in such contactors. But, as a rule, this information is easy to find on thematic forums.

Pin assignment of the 9-pin connector for connecting a digital (TTL) monitor

№	Color monitor signal (EGA)	Monochrome Monitor Signal (MDA)	Color monitor signal (CGA)
1	Frame	Frame	Frame
2	Control red	Frame	Frame
3	Red	Free	Red
4	Green	Free	Green
5	Blue	Free	Blue
6	Control green	Intensity	Intensity
7	Control blue	Video signal	Video signal
8	Horizontal Sync Signal	Horizontal Sync Signal	Horizontal Sync Signal
9	Vertical Sync Signal	Vertical Sync Signal	Vertical Sync Signal

Parallel and serial

And the transmission speed will be different:

• Firstly, if the transmission over the wire is the same in both cases, then the second case will be 8 times slower due to this very sequential transmission of bits of one byte.
• Secondly, it takes either time to perform the software procedure for unfolding a byte into bits or additional technical circuits for such unfolding.

It turns out that each option has its advantages, but also its disadvantages.

1. It’s faster to transmit eight bits at a time (that is, byte by byte), but you need eight times more wires
2. Transmitting one bit at a time requires only one information transmission, but it will be 8 times slower.

So in the first case they called the transmission parallel, and in the second case - serial.

Pin assignment of the 15-pin connector for connecting an analog monitor

№	Purpose	Color monitor signal	Monochrome monitor signal
1	Red	Red	No output
2	Green	Green	Video input
3	Blue	Blue	No output
4	Free	Free	No output
5	Frame	Testing	Testing
6	Control red (body)	Control red	Control red
7	Control green (body)	Control green	Video signal control
8	Control blue (body)	Control blue	No output
9	Control	No output	No output
10	Clock control (housing)	Frame	Frame
11	Monitor ID signal	Frame	No output
12	Monitor ID signal	Free	Frame
13	Horizontal Sync	Horizontal Sync Signal	Horizontal Sync Signal
14	Vertical Sync	Vertical Sync Signal	Vertical Sync Signal
15	Free	No output	No output

Now let's move on to the USB 3.0 port

Connection diagram and pinout of the VAZ power window button
The second name of the USB 3.0 port is USB Super Speed, due to the increased data transfer speed of up to 5 Gb/sec. To increase speed indicators, engineers used full-duplex (two-wire) transmission of both sent and received data. Due to this, 4 additional contacts appeared in the connector -/+ StdA_SSRX and -/+StdA_SSTX. In addition, increased speeds required the use of a new type of controller with higher power consumption, which led to the need to use additional power pins in the USB 3.0 connector (DPWR and DGND). The new type of connector began to be called USB Powered B. In a digression, let’s say that the first Chinese flash drives for this connector were made in cases without taking into account the thermal characteristics of their controllers and, as a result, they got very hot and failed.

The practical implementation of the USB 3.0 port made it possible to achieve a data exchange rate of 380 MB/sec. For comparison, the SATA II port (connecting hard drives) is capable of transferring data at a speed of 250 MB/sec. The use of additional power allowed the use of devices with a maximum current consumption of up to 900mA on the socket. This way, either one device or up to 6 gadgets with a consumption of 150mA can be connected. In this case, the minimum operating voltage of the connected device can be reduced to 4V. Due to the increased power of the connector, engineers had to limit the length of the USB 3.0 cable to 3 m, which is an undoubted disadvantage of this port. Below we provide the standard USB 3.0 port specification

Mode	Baud rate	Maximum current	Pulse amplitude on the Data+ and Data- bus
High speed mode (Super speed)	4.8 Gb/s (600 MB/s)	900 mA	4.00V – 5.25V
Current value in off-line mode, mA	150 mA
Idle operation (without connecting devices)	2.5mA

The pinout of the USB 3.0 connector is as follows:

Contact no.	Purpose	Wire color
1	Vbus	Red
2	D-	White
3	D+	Green
4	GND	Black
5	StdA_SSTX-	Blue
6	StdA_SSTX+	Yellow
7	GND_DRAIN	Weight
8	StdA_SSRX-	Lilac
9	StdA_SSRX+	Orange
Shell	Shielding	Screen

Contact no.	Purpose	Wire color
1	Vbus	Red
2	D-	White
3	D+	Green
4	GND	Black
5	StdA_SSTX-	Lilac
6	StdA_SSTX+	Yellow
7	GND_DRAIN	Weight
8	StdA_SSRX-	Lilac
9	StdA_SSRX+	Orange
10	DPWR	Red
Shell	Shielding	Screen
11	EGND_D	Power weight

Contact no.	Purpose	Wire color
1	Vbus	Red
2	D-	White
3	D+	Green
4	ID	Not used
5	GND	Black
6	StdA_SSTX-	Blue
7	StdA_SSTX+	Yellow
8	GND_D	Power weight
9	StdA_SSRX-	Lilac
10	StdA_SSRX+	Orange
Shell	Shielding	Screen

Operating systems starting with Windows 8, MacBook Air and MacBook Pro latest versions and Linux with kernel version 2.6.31 have full software support for the USB 3.0 specification. Due to the use of two additional power contacts in the USB 3.0 Powered-B connector, it is possible to connect devices with a load capacity of up to 1A.

Adapter 9 to 15 contacts

Purpose of the 9-pin connector pin	№	№	Purpose of the 15-pin connector pin
Red	1	1	Red
Green	2	2	Green
Blue	3	3	Blue
Horizontal Sync	4	13	Horizontal Sync
Vertical Sync	5	14	Vertical Sync
Red (body)	6	6	Control red
Green (body)	7	7	Control green
Blue (body)	8	8	Control blue
Sync signal (housing)	9	10	Housing (digital)
5	Frame

Game port pin assignments

№	Signal
1	+5V
2	Button 4
3	Position 0
4	Frame
5	Frame
6	Position 1
7	Button 5
8	+5V
9	+5V
10	Button 6
11	Position 2
12	Frame
13	Position 3
14	Button 7
15	+5V

Timers (PWM)

Timer outputs: in the microcontroller, in addition to the regular computing core with which we work, there are also “hardware” counters that work in parallel with all the other hardware. These counters are also called timers, although they have nothing to do with timers: counters literally count the number of ticks made by the crystal oscillator, which sets the operating frequency for the entire system. Knowing the frequency of the oscillator (usually 16 MHz) you can determine time intervals with very high accuracy and do something based on this. What use are these meters to us? Out of the box, called Arduino IDE, we have several ready-made timer-based tools (time functions, delays, pulse length measurements, and others).

This article is about pins and outputs, so we’ll talk about them: each counter has two GPIO outputs. The nano (ATmega328p MK) has three counters, respectively, 6 outputs. One of the counters' capabilities is the generation of a PWM signal, which is output to the corresponding GPIOs. For nano these are D pins 5 and 6 (counter 0), 9 and 10 (timer 1) and 3 and 11 (timer 2). A separate lesson is devoted to the PWM signal, now let’s just remember that with its help you can control the brightness of LEDs, the rotation speed of motors, the heating power of the coils and much more. But you need to remember that the current limit of 40 mA has not gone away and nothing more powerful than LEDs cannot be powered from the pins.

Motherboard expansion slots

(not really about cables, but useful)

8 bit slot

Installation side			Solder side
№	Signal	Meaning	№	Signal	Meaning
A1	I/O CH CK	I/O channel monitoring	B1	GND	Earth
A2	D7	Data line 8	B2	RES DRV	Reset signal
A3	D6	Data line 7	B3	+5V	+5V
A4	D5	Data line 6	B4	IRQ2	Interrupt request 2
A5	D4	Data line 5	B5	-5V	-5V
A6	D3	Data line 4	B6	DRQ2	DMA request 2
A7	D2	Data line 3	B7	-12V	-12V
A8	D1	Data line 2	B8	RES	Reserved
A9	D0	Data line 1	B9	+12V	+12V
A10	I/O CN RDY	I/O channel readiness monitoring	B10	GND	Earth
A11	AEN	Address Enable, bus control with CPU and DMA controller	B11	MEMW	Data is written to memory
A12	A19	Address line 20	B12	MEMR	Data is read from memory
A13	A18	Address line 19	B13	IOW	Data is written to the I/O port
A14	A17	Address line 18	B14	IOR	Data is read from the I/O port
A15	A16	Address line 17	B15	DACK3	DMA-Acknowledge 3
A16	A15	Address line 16	B16	DRQ3	DMA 3 request
A17	A14	Address line 15	B17	DACK1	DMA-Acknowledge 1
A18	A13	Address line 14	B18	IRQ1	Interrupt request 1
A19	A12	Address line 13	B19	REFRESH	Memory regeneration
A20	A11	Address line 12	B20	CLC	System clock 4.77 MHz
A21	A10	Address line 11	B21	IRQ7	Interrupt request 7
A22	A9	Address line 10	B22	IRQ6	Interrupt request 6
A23	A8	Address line 9	B23	IRQ5	Interrupt Request 5
A24	A7	Address line 8	B24	IRQ4	Interrupt request 4
A25	A6	Address line 7	B25	IRQ3	Interrupt request 3
A26	A5	Address Line 6	B26	DACK2	DMA-Acknowledge 2
A27	A4	Address line 5	B27	T/C	Terminal Count, signals the end of DMA transformation
A28	A3	Address line 4	B28	ALE	Adress Latch Enabled, address/data uncoupling
A29	A2	Address line 3	B29	+5V	+5V
A30	A1	Address line 2	B30	O.S.C.	Clock frequency 14.31818 MHz
A31	A0	Address line 1	B31	GND	Earth

16 bit slot

Installation side			Solder side
№	Signal	Meaning	№	Signal	Meaning
A1	I/O CH CK	I/O channel monitoring	B1	GND	Earth
A2	D7	Data line 8	B2	RES DRV	Reset signal
A3	D6	Data line 7	B3	+5V	+5V
A4	D5	Data line 6	B4	IRQ9	Cascading the second interrupt controller
A5	D4	Data line 5	B5	-5V	-5V
A6	D3	Data line 4	B6	DRQ2	DMA request 2
A7	D2	Data line 3	B7	-12V	-12V
A8	D1	Data line 2	B8	RES	Memory communication without latency
A9	D0	Data line 1	B9	+12V	+12V
A10	I/O CN RDY	I/O channel readiness monitoring	B10	GND	Earth
A11	AEN	Address Enable, bus control with CPU and DMA controller	B11	SMEMW	Data is written to memory (up to 1M byte)
A12	A19	Address line 20	B12	SMEMR	Data is read from memory (up to 1 MB)
A13	A18	Address line 19	B13	IOW	Data is written to the I/O port
A14	A17	Address line 18	B14	IOR	Data is read from the I/O port
A15	A16	Address line 17	B15	DACK3	DMA-Acknowledge 3
A16	A15	Address line 16	B16	DR Q3	DMA 3 request
A17	A14	Address line 15	B17	DACK1	DMA-Acknowledge 1
A18	A13	Address line 14	B18	IRQ1	Request IRQ 1
A19	A12	Address line 13	B19	REFRESH	Memory regeneration
A20	A11	Address line 12	B20	CLC	System clock 4.77 MHz
A21	A10	Address line 11	B21	IRQ7	IRQ 7 request
A22	A9	Address line 10	B22	IRQ6	IRQ 6 request
A23	A8	Address line 9	B23	IRQ5	Request IRQ 5
A24	A7	Address line 8	B24	IRQ4	IRQ 4 request
A25	A6	Address line 7	B25	IRQ3	IRQ 3 request
A26	A5	Address Line 6	B26	DACK2	DMA-Acknowledge 2
A27	A4	Address line 5	B27	T/C	Terminal Count, signals the end of DMA transformation
A28	A3	Address line 4	B28	ALE	Adress Latch Enabled, address/data uncoupling
A29	A2	Address line 3	B29	+5V	+5V
A30	A1	Address line 2	B30	O.S.C.	Oscillator clock 14.31818 MHz
A31	A0	Address line 1	B31	GND	Earth
C1	SBHE	System Bus High Enabled, 16-bit data signal	D1	MEMCS 16	Memory Chip Select
C2	LA23	Address line 24	D2	I/O CS 16	I/O card with 8 bit/16 bit carryover
C3	LA22	Address line 23	D3	IRQ10	Interrupt request 10
C4	LA21	Address line 22	D4	IRQ11	Interrupt request 11
C5	LA20	Address line 21	D5	IRQ12	Interrupt request 12
C6	LA19	Address line 20	D6	IRQ15	Interrupt request 15
C7	LA18	Address line 19	D7	IRQ14	Interrupt request 14
C8	LA17	Address line 18	D8	DACK0	DMA-Acknowledge 0
C9	MEMR	Reading data from memory	D9	DRQ0	DMA request 0
C10	MEMW	Writing data to memory	D10	DACK5	DMA-Acknowledge 5
C11	SD8	Data line 9	D11	DRQ5	DMA 5 request
C12	SD9	Data line 10	D12	DACK6	DMA-Acknowledge 6
C13	SD10	Data line 11	D13	DRQ6	DMA 6 request
C14	SD11	Data line 12	D14	DACK7	DMA-Acknowledge 7
C15	SD12	Data line 13	D15	DRQ7	DMA 7 request
C16	SD13	Data line 14	D16	+5V	+5V
C17	SD14	Data line 15	D17	MASTER	Busmaster signal
C18	SD15	Data line 16	D18	GND	Earth

Disadvantages of usb 2.0

Although the maximum data transfer rate of USB 2.0 is 480 Mbps (60 MB/s), in real life it is unrealistic to achieve such speeds (~33.5 MB/s in practice). This is due to the large delays on the USB bus between the request for data transfer and the actual start of the transfer. For example, the FireWire bus, although it has a lower peak throughput of 400 Mbps, which is 80 Mbps (10 MB/s) less than USB 2.0, actually allows for greater throughput for data exchange with hard drives and other devices. information storage devices. In this regard, various mobile drives have long been limited by the insufficient practical bandwidth of USB 2.0.

• The biggest benefit of USB 3.0 is its faster speeds (up to 5 Gbps), which are 10 times faster than older ports. • The new interface has improved energy saving. This allows the drive to go into sleep mode when not in use. • It is possible to carry out two-way data transmission at the same time. This will give higher speed if you connect several devices to one port (split the port). You can branch using a hub (a hub is a device that branches from one port into 3-6 ports). Now, if you connect the hub to a USB 3.0 port, and connect several devices (for example, flash drives) to the hub and carry out simultaneous data transfer, you will see that the speed will be much higher than it was with the USB 2.0 interface. • There is a characteristic that can be a plus and a minus. The USB 3.0 interface has increased the current to 900 mA, and USB 2.0 operates with a current of 500 mA. This will be a plus for those devices that have been adapted for USB 3.0, but a small minus is that there may be a risk when charging weaker devices, like a phone. • The physical disadvantage of the new interface is the cable size. To maintain high speed, the cable has become thicker and shorter in length (cannot be longer than 3 meters) than USB 2.0

• An important thing to note is that devices with different USB interfaces will work well and there should be no problems. But don’t think that the speed will increase if you connect USB 3.0 to an older port, or connect an older interface cable to a new port

The data transfer speed will be equal to the speed of the weakest port.