How to correctly take and read electricity meter readings

Electricity calculation method

The electric meter calculates the electricity consumed in kW/h (kilowatt per hour).
Depending on the service that provides electricity services, you need to give the recorded readings to a staff employee or personally calculate the electricity consumption on the meter for the last month, as well as the payment amount.

This is very easy to do, especially since in certain models of electricity meters the required values ​​are highlighted in a certain color.

This is interesting! Single-phase electricity meter Mercury: model description, characteristics and tips for use

There are the following notification methods for electricity consumption:

1. Report the readings in person to the office of the consumer service provider or energy supply organization.
2. Use the functions of remote data transfer via the Internet, if possible.
3. Dictate over the phone.
4. Include the readings in the appropriate box when paying the receipt.

We transmit the testimony

In order to ensure that the receipt always contains up-to-date charges, the owners of the premises must promptly transfer data on energy consumption to the responsible organization. You can transfer counter data in several ways:

• If you have a lot of free time and need to communicate, you can personally visit the office of the energy company and provide the data personally to any available operator;
• Not all, but many energy sales companies have websites that have a feedback form with a field for meter readings;
• You can transfer the data to the operator by phone. But most likely, no one can vouch for the reliability of the received information;
• Enter the data in the box provided by the banking service. For example, when paying a receipt through Sberbank online, the payer enters all the necessary information in specially designated fields.
• Write down the testimony on the receipt in the appropriate column and pay it at the cash desk of a bank or post office.

Types of tariff systems

Until 1996, Russia had only a single-tariff system, according to which the cost of a kilowatt of resource was calculated at one rate, regardless of the time of day.

But the regime of most people is such that the main individual consumption of electricity occurs in the morning and evening hours. In the morning we get ready for work, and in the evening we use lighting, turn on the TV and other household appliances. Day and night consumption is significantly lower. Such an inconsistent rhythm negatively affects the overall operation of the power plant.

In order to avoid sharp jumps in consumption, energy supply companies have introduced multi-tariff payment systems. The point is that the tariff is differentiated by zone of the day, i.e. there is a different rate for different times of using electricity. For a two-tariff system - a day zone (from 7 to 23 hours) and a night zone (from 23 to 7 hours). For a three-tariff system - a peak zone (from 7 to 10 and from 17 to 21 hours), a semi-peak zone (from 10 to 17 and from 21 to 23 hours) and a night zone (from 23 to 7 hours).

The purpose of the system is to encourage the use of energy-intensive household appliances (dishwasher, washing machine, oven, etc.) at night. In addition to leveling the load of the power plant, such a system helps save on utility bills. In order to use a multi-tariff system, it is necessary to install a special meter that provides the ability to account for energy consumption depending on the time of day.

IMPORTANT! In order to pay for light by meter using a multi-tariff system, it turns out to be profitable, you will have to rearrange your daily routine: transfer some of your household chores to the night, which is inconvenient, for example, for a person who works during the day.

Features of operation of multi-tariff meters

The increase in the overall load on the electrical grid occurs at the same time - when people are going to work/school, and when people from there return and start using all their appliances. On weekends and holidays, the load also increases significantly.

To distribute the load more evenly, energy companies are actively promoting multi-tariff meters. Currently, there are two- and three-phase devices. The principle of their operation is quite simple. At night, the cost of electricity consumption decreases significantly, and during the day or peak time it remains the same or increases slightly.

These meters are not cheap. However, people who installed them claim that the device pays for itself very quickly. This purchase will be especially beneficial for owners of houses that use electricity-based heating.

So, two-phase meters divide electricity consumption into two categories. From 7 am to 11 pm there is an “expensive” daily rate. From 23-00 to 7-00 respectively - cheap night prices. The logic is simple. Dishwashers, washing machines and many other appliances can work well at night, significantly reducing the load on the network. The monetary savings are also significant.

Three-phase meters divide the day into the following tariffs:

• peak (from 7:00 to 10:00, and from 17:00 to 21:00)
• half-peak (from 10:00 to 17:00)
• night rate (from 21:00 to 7:00)

This division is even more beneficial for the consumer, since the cheap night tariff starts at 21-00, and not at 23-00, like with a two-phase meter.

Payment methods

The formula for calculating electricity depends on whether an individual metering device (IMU) is installed in the apartment or not, and what charging system is used. In addition to individual consumption, utility bills include the cost of electricity costs for general household needs (GDN).

According to the electricity meter

The simplest and most understandable way to calculate the cost of energy consumption is based on the readings of the electric meter.

1. The calculation formula for the single-rate system looks like this:

P = V * T , where

P – cost of electricity, rub.

V – volume of electricity consumed per month, kW.

T – electricity tariff established in the region, rub./kW.

Example 1. According to IPU data for August 2022, 239 kW was consumed. The apartment has a gas stove. The cost of a kilowatt in the region is 5.38 rubles. Then the cost of providing the resource is:

239 * 5.38 = 1285.82 rubles.

1. The formula for calculating electricity consumption using a two-tariff meter is a little more complicated:

P = Vday * Tday + Vnight * Tnight , where

Vday , Vnight – volume of energy consumption during the day and night, respectively

Tday , Tnight – day and night rates, respectively

Example 2. According to the two-tariff electricity meter for August 2017, energy consumption was 239 kilowatts, of which from 7 to 23 o'clock - 167, from 23 to 7 o'clock - 72. The apartment has gas equipment. The electricity supply tariff differentiated by two zones of the day is 4.19 and 2.92 rubles/kW, respectively. Then the cost of the service is:

167 * 6.19 + 72 * 1.79 = 1162.61 rubles.

1. You can calculate the amount for electricity using a multi-tariff meter using the formula:

P = Vpeak * Tpeak + Vhalf-peak * Thalf-peak + Vnight * Tnight

Example 3. According to a multi-tariff meter for August 2022, energy consumption in an apartment with a gas stove was 239 kilowatts, of which: peak zone - 120, half-peak - 47, night - 72. The cost of a kilowatt in the peak zone - 6.46 rubles, half-peak – 5.38, night – 1.79. The total amount is:

120 * 6.46 + 47 * 5.38 + 72 * 1.79 = 1156.94 rub.

According to the data in the examples, it turned out that the multi-tariff calculation method turned out to be the most profitable. The consumer can determine for himself which system will bring savings specifically for him. To do this, you need to find out the approximate power consumption for each zone of the day and multiply it by the current tariffs.

Payment taking into account the social norm of consumption

In 2012, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1650-r was approved, which proposes a project for the transition to a system for calculating utility bills taking into account the social norm of consumption. Currently, the system operates in a number of regions of the country (Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod and other regions).

The rate of electricity consumption depends on the number of residents, season, type of heating and stove, location of housing (city or village). The system has 2 tariffs: one for payment for electricity within the social norm, the other for consumption above the norm.

The calculation formula is as follows:

P = Nsp*T snp + Vssnp*Tssnp , where

Nsp - social norm of consumption

Tsnp - tariff for social norm

Vssnp – excess flow rate

Tssnp - super tariff

Example 4. Three people live in an apartment located in Rostov-on-Don. Over the course of a month, the family consumed 243 kilowatts of electricity according to the meter. The social norm is set at 196 kW. The rate is within the social norm - 3.72, above the norm - 5.19 rubles / kW. Then the amount for electricity consumption will be:

196 * 3.72 + (243 -196) * 5.19 = 973.06 rub.

The system promotes economical consumption of resources. It also applies in cases of payment by day zones.

Without electricity meter data

Depending on the reasons why there are no electricity meter readings, the calculation formula will be different.

1. The meter is missing or readings have not been transmitted for more than 6 months. The cost of resource consumption will be calculated using the formula:

P = n * N * T or P = n * N * T * k , where

n – number of citizens permanently or temporarily registered in the apartment, people.

N – consumption standard established in the region

T – tariff approved in the region

k is the increasing coefficient for consumers who do not have an IPU, but have the opportunity to install it. From 2022, the coefficient is 1.6. The use of the coefficient is established by Government Decree No. 344 of April 16, 2013.

The consumption rate depends on the type of stove installed in the apartment, the number of rooms and the number of residents.

Example 5. A family of two is registered in a two-room apartment with an installed electric stove. There is no electricity meter, although there is the possibility of installing one. The consumption standard for 1 person is 117 kW. The established tariff is 4.04 rubles/kW. The cost of the resource consumed will be:

2 * 117 * 4.04 * 1.6 = 1512.58 rub.

This calculation system is beneficial when more people live in an apartment than are registered. The absence of any resource consumer is documented.

IMPORTANT! Homeowners' associations or management companies have the right to check how many citizens actually live in the apartment and take this figure into account when calculating fees according to the standard.

1. The meter readings were not transmitted on time or it is faulty.

In such situations, the average energy consumption over the last six months, and in some cases over the last three, is considered.

The cost of electricity is calculated using the formula:

P = (( V1 + V2 +….+ V6 )/6)* T , where

V1….V6 - volume of electricity supply over the last six months

T – electricity tariff

Example 6. The consumer is overdue for meter readings. The apartment has an electric stove. Over the past six months, electricity consumption according to the transmitted readings was: March - 167, April - 185, May - 160, June - 179, July - 159, August - 173 kilowatts. Tariff – 4.04 rubles/kW. The amount to be paid is:

((167 + 185 + 160 + 179 + 159 + 173) / 6) * 4.04 = 686.82 rub.

Paying for electricity by meter will bring savings to the consumer. If it is possible to install an IPU, it is better to install it.

How is electricity consumption paid without a meter?

Source: EnergoVOPROS. ru, 01.08.2018

https://energovopros.ru/issledovania/2322/2326/41611/

How to pay for electricity without a meter? In what cases should the consumer pay according to average consumption, and in what cases - according to the standard? In what cases is the fee charged according to the standard with an increasing factor? And how, after all, is it more profitable to pay for electricity - according to the meter or according to the standard? Visitors to EnergoVOPROS.ru often ask these kinds of questions. Let's try to figure it out.

Paying for electricity without a meter: what the current legislation says

Probably everyone knows how electricity charges are calculated if an electricity meter is installed and working properly in an apartment.

There is a counter. There is his testimony. Take the number of kilowatt-hours spent per month and multiply it by the current tariff in your region. You receive the amount you need to pay for electricity consumption. It's simple!

But how is electricity payment calculated without a meter? Current legislation reduces the variety of life situations to the following options:

• there is a meter, but its readings were not transmitted on time (in accordance with the established procedure)
• There is a meter, but it turned out to be faulty (it broke down, the verification period has expired)
• There is a meter, but representatives of the energy supply service provider are not allowed to see it
• there is a meter, but upon inspection it turned out that it was deliberately damaged (or electricity was connected past the meter)
• Finally, there is simply no counter. And this situation is by no means uncommon.

How the fee for electricity supply service is calculated in each of these cases is described in detail in the Rules for the provision of utility services.

This document was approved by Government Decree No. 354 of May 6, 2011 No. 354 “Providing utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings.” Since then, numerous changes have been made to it. The current version of the Rules can be found, for example, here.

Following the Rules, let's look at the options listed above.

Payment for electricity if meter readings are not submitted on time

Start over. In order to be able to pay for electricity based on meter readings, you need to transfer these readings to the person who supplies you with electricity.

How to transmit meter readings? When? To whom? These questions are quite appropriate and deserve separate analysis. In short, the readings are transmitted either to the energy sales company (your electricity supplier), or to the management company of your home, or through a city (regional) settlement center.

There are also several other ways. But here and now it is important to note that if the meter readings are not transmitted, then you will not be able to pay for electricity using them. Looks fair.

So, if you have not provided meter readings, the electricity fee is determined based on your average monthly consumption.

“Average monthly” consumption in this case is calculated based on the readings you took (or they were obtained, for example, during a check of your meter) over the past six months.

The exception referred to in the Rules is in cases where payments on the meter began less than six months before the moment you did not transmit its readings. For example, the meter was delivered to you in June, but in October you did not provide the readings. In this case, your average monthly electricity consumption for the period of actual operation of the meter is taken as a basis. But not less than 3 months.

You didn’t submit your testimony for one month, the second, the third... What’s next? Starting from the fourth month, during which you do not submit meter readings, you will be transferred to payment according to the standards. See what it looks like here.

If you are interested in how the above is formulated in the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities, then you need to study clause 59 (b) of this document.

Payment for electricity if the meter is (was) found to be faulty

Let's imagine: you somehow discovered that your meter is faulty. It was destroyed during repair work. Damaged in a fire. It just stopped working, and even you can see it. Alternatively, it was stolen. Either its verification period has expired, or its service life has expired... How is the payment for light calculated in this case?

The situation is described in paragraph 59 (a) of the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities. First of all, the moment of occurrence of the “event” is determined, that is, when exactly the metering device is recognized as faulty (lost)?

This may be the date of your statement to the energy sales company about a faulty meter. Or the date of drawing up a report on the malfunction of the meter based on the results of its inspection by an inspector. Or the expiration date of the meter's verification interval. If there is no exact date, then the month (payment period) in which the “event” occurred is taken as the “reference point”.

From this date you will be transferred to payment based on average monthly consumption. Average monthly consumption is calculated in the same way as in the previous paragraph - based on the last six months.

However, “on average” you will only be paid for three months in a row. After which they will transfer to payments according to the standard. How the electricity fee is calculated according to the standard, see here.

It is worth noting that for some time now, consumers whose electricity meter has failed and who have been living without a meter for more than three months have been charged according to the standard with an increasing factor of 1.5. So it would be good to hurry up with the installation of a new meter.

Separately, it is worth considering the case when a malfunction of the meter is discovered during a meter inspection by a representative of an energy sales company, and the inspector insists that there was unauthorized interference in the operation of the meter. The list of signs of such interference is given in clause 81.11 of the Rules.

Violations must be described in a special Act. From the date of its signing, electricity consumption is recalculated based on the standard increased by 10 times (pro-standard, again see the link).

The recalculation period is three months preceding the date of detection of the violation and until the date of their elimination (which in most cases means replacing the meter).

There is a meter, but representatives of the energy sales company are not allowed to see it. How are electricity charges calculated?

First, let's define what does “not allowed” mean? Often, electricity meters are installed directly in the apartment or in the vestibule, access to which from the landing is closed with a “good iron door” (c).

That is, it is not so easy for an outsider to get into the meter. At the same time, energy sales inspectors have a habit of visiting subscribers during working hours. They do not travel at night or early in the morning. This means that they have little chance of crossing paths with the apartment’s inhabitants.

Just for such a case, the Rules for the Provision of Utility Services detail the procedure that the energy sales representative must follow in order to agree on the inspection time with the apartment owner.

Representatives of the electricity supplier organization are required to notify the owners of the apartment being inspected in advance. Those, in turn, must confirm that they will be at home at the proposed time.

They don't confirm? This means that the utility service provider is obliged to send a second notification. If it is not possible to agree on a date for the visit the second time (or the inspectors came at the agreed time, but there is still no one at home), then a special document is drawn up - an Act on the refusal of the contractor’s access to the metering devices.

Each iteration of this complex procedure is described in detail in paragraph 85 of the Rules. If you really need to know exactly who should do what and in what order? - be sure to read it.

From the date when the Certificate of Denial of Admission is issued, the consumer is transferred to payment based on average monthly consumption. If the issue with checking the meter is not resolved within three months, then you will begin to receive payments for electricity, calculated according to the standard.

How is the payment for electricity calculated if the meter is deliberately damaged, or (as an option) electricity goes to the apartment, bypassing the meter?

It was already written about a little higher. This situation is the most unpleasant for the consumer. The method of payment for electricity in such circumstances is described in clause 62 of the Rules for the provision of utility services.

So, during the inspection, the inspectors discovered that your electric meter was deliberately put in a faulty state and counts the electricity in “your favor”, or the electricity in your apartment (house) was supplied past the meter. What will happen next? The consequences are quite severe.

Utilities have the right to charge additional charges for electricity based on the total number of electricity consumers in an apartment (private house) and the maximum power they consume. The calculation is made based on the fact that electricity consumption occurs around the clock. And the additional charges themselves are made for three months preceding the elimination of an unauthorized connection past the meter.

If it is impossible to determine which electricity consumers are in the apartment and what their maximum power is, then the payment for electricity in this case is calculated based on a standard increased tenfold.

Read about the standard below; here it is worth noting that the amounts accrued in this way are several times, or even an order of magnitude, higher than the fee for actual electricity consumption.

As in the case of calculations based on maximum power, recalculation according to a 10-fold increased standard is made three months prior to the removal of the connection to the electrical networks past the meter.

A small clarification - if inspectors visited you less than three months before the violation was discovered and nothing “criminal” was found, then the calculation of electricity charges based on the maximum possible consumption (or 10 times the standard) will be made from the date of this visit.

How to pay for electricity if your apartment does not have a meter? And/or never happened? Those. according to the standard?

Electricity meters are, of course, not water meters, which began to be installed en masse only in the last decade.

It was mandatory to equip apartments with electricity meters back in Soviet times. And yet, many apartments (one of the most common cases are apartments in former dormitories) and private houses still do not have meters. Payment for electricity in this case is calculated according to the standard.

The standard in this case is the calculated value of electricity consumption in a residential premises, which is tied to the number of rooms in the apartment and the type of its amenities (gas stove or electric).

In the Rules for the Provision of Utility Services, the issue of payment for electricity according to the standard is dealt with in paragraph 42. Let's go through it.

So, three indicators are taken:

• number of citizens permanently or temporarily residing in residential premises
• electricity consumption standard, it is determined for each region by a separate decision of local authorities
• electricity tariff valid for this type of consumer

These three figures are multiplied and the cost of electricity is obtained, which is indicated on the payment invoice.

To this it is worth adding the following:

First: if no one is officially registered in the apartment (either permanently or temporarily), then the standard fee is calculated based on the number of homeowners

Second: the authorities strongly want electricity meters to be installed in all houses and apartments, so if the residential premises are not equipped with an electricity meter, then the standard fee is charged with a coefficient of 1.5 (without a coefficient, the standard fee is charged in cases where the meter is there is, but his readings are not transmitted).

What is more profitable: according to the meter or according to the standard?

People often ask: what is the best way to pay for electricity? According to the standard or, nevertheless, according to the meter, without spending money on its purchase and installation?

Generally speaking, the answer would be:

• if more people actually live in the apartment than officially registered, then paying according to the standard may be more profitable,
• and if, on the contrary, more people are registered than live, then, of course, it will be cheaper to pay for electricity using the meter.

Well, if you are interested in specifics, you need to look for a decision from the tariff authority of your region, which approved consumption standards. Next, arm yourself with a calculator and count.

But still, we would venture to assume that in most cases it will still be more profitable to install a meter.

Readings of electronic electricity meters

Electronic electricity meters do not have a mechanical display with “jumping” numbers, but an electronic one. It can display not only numbers showing how many kilowatts were spent, but also the date, operating time of the meter, and some other data. In most electronic light meters, these data replace each other after a few seconds. If the meter is multi-zone, readings for each zone are displayed sequentially (T1, T2, T3, T4).

To take readings from an electronic electricity meter, you can wait until the necessary information appears and write it off. The second option is to press the “enter” button. You may have to click more than once until the required information appears. It can be distinguished by the icons displayed on the screen. Usually this is T1, T2, T3, T4 or the word TOTAL.

For example, in the photo below, on the screen in the upper left corner we see the T1 icon and a little further on there are larger numbers - 72.69. If you look closely, there are units of measurement behind them - kWh. This is the consumed electricity in the first zone T1 (daily tariff).

Example of electronic meter readings

After the necessary data is displayed, they are recorded on the receipt and then calculations are carried out (described above). If the data simply needs to be transferred to the subscriber service, they can be written down on a piece of paper.

Be careful! Here, too, you only need to rewrite the whole part, not taking into account the decimal places. For example, in this case (in the photo above) it is necessary to transmit or carry out calculations only with the number 72 without a “tail”.

The Energomera looks a little different on the electronic meter

How to take readings from the Mercury 200 meter

There are single-tariff Mercury meters (in the specification they are designated as 200.00), and multi-tariff ones (with numbers after the dot other than zeros, for example Mercury 200 01, there may also be 02 or 03). They differ in the number of zones, as well as the presence/absence of a control panel.

Regardless of the model, the readings are taken the same way. You just have to press the “enter” button a different number of times or wait for more numbers to appear.

Mercury 200 electricity meters alternately show time, date, then tariffs by zone. First, the time is displayed in the usual rate - hours, minutes, seconds are shown a little higher. Then after a few seconds the date appears on the screen. It is also displayed in the standard format: day, month, year.

Time and date

After this, the display of tariffs begins. The name of the tariff appears in the upper left corner: T1, T2, T3 or T4. Their number depends on the model you have installed. They are all highlighted one by one. At this stage they can be written down (the whole part, without decimal places).

Readings of a two-tariff meter Mercury 200

After all tariffs, the checksum of all tariffs appears. Then the cycle repeats - time, date, tariffs, total value, etc.

The last one to appear is the sum of all tariff readings

The numbers on the screen change every 5-10 seconds, depending on the settings. It’s quite possible to have time to write it down. But if you didn’t have time, you can switch to tariffs manually. To do this, you must press the “enter” button at any time. In the photo it is under the red LED. Press the button (press/release) until the value you require appears. To switch to the next one, click again. It's not difficult at all.

It will be a little more difficult with the calculations, since you will have to calculate the number of kilowatts consumed for each zone. This is where all the difficulties will end. You now know how to take readings from a multi-tariff electricity meter. All other models of Mercury meters are not much different in this regard. Even their buttons look the same and are located in the same place.

Energy meters

Taking readings from the Energy Meter day-night electricity meter (two-tariff or multi-tariff) occurs in exactly the same way. The difference is that the button on these electricity meters is called “PRSM” (view). There may be two or three buttons, depending on the modification.

Electricity meter Energomera CE301

When you click on this button, numbers appear showing how many kilowatts were “increased” for each tariff zone. There are no more differences.

Saiman counters

Now in many regions they replace old induction meters with electronic ones free of charge and most often install devices from Saivan. These are very simple devices; they do not have buttons that can be used to forcefully “scroll through” the readings. You just have to wait until the required value is displayed. That is, in this case, take readings from the electricity meter - just wait until the required value (TOTAL) is displayed and write it down on the receipt (or transfer it to the appropriate service).

To make it easier to navigate, here is the order in which the data is displayed in this electric meter:

• date of;
• time;
• meter number;
• gear ratio (1600);
• TOTAL - readings of a single-tariff meter or are displayed sequentially T1, T2, TOTAL for day/night type meters (two-tariff).

It is necessary to record the TOTAL or T1 and T2 readings and also the general TOTAL readings on the receipt. Let us remind you once again that you only need to write down the whole part, without taking into account the numbers after the decimal point. You can watch the same information in video format.

Take readings from the Micron electricity meter

In Mikron multi-tariff electronic electricity meters, there is only one button on the case, and you need to press it to display the required readings on the screen. Only in this case, you need to wait until “checkmarks” appear on the display above the letters “T1” and “R+” (see photo). This will be the reading for the first tariff.

How to take readings from the Micron electric meter model SEB-1 src=»https://mfc365.ru/images/assets/uploads/2016/10/pokazanija-elektroschetchika-11.jpg» class=»aligncenter» width=»750″ height ="463″[/img]

Then click on the same button until the checkmarks appear above T2 and R+, if there are more zones, click further. This is how readings are taken from this day/night meter.

Taking readings

To take readings from an electricity meter, you need to arm yourself with a notepad and pen. To avoid distortion, glare and incorrect angles, the meter dial should be exactly in front of your eyes. Write down the numbers to the decimal point, from left to right. Numbers after the decimal point are usually not included in receipts. They show tenths and hundredths of a kilowatt/hour. The numbers on the meter show the total energy consumed over all years of operation of the meter. The new counter will have zeros in the first few positions.

It is better to record readings at equal intervals. Most people find it convenient to receive this information on the first day of each month.

To calculate the electricity you spent for the month, you need to subtract from the previous readings those that you have now written out. The difference will indicate the number of kilowatts consumed. Then the resulting number should be multiplied by the current tariff - and behold, the amount is ready for payment. If the counter wheel is at a borderline value, select the lower number. You can also round the resulting number up for payment.

How to take readings from three-phase meters

There are two types of three-phase electricity meters - the old type, which requires transformers, and electronic direct connection (without transformers). If an electronic one is installed, the electricity meter readings must be taken in the same way as described above. Simply write down the values, wait until the necessary information is displayed on the screen, or “scroll” the data to the required page.

Connecting an electric meter in a three-phase network via current transformers

If a large amount of power is allocated or an old-style meter is installed, a transformer is installed on each of the phases. To take readings in this case, you need to know the transformation ratio. The readings taken must be multiplied by this coefficient. The resulting figure will be the actual expense.

But in general, you need to read the contract. The calculation procedure must be prescribed there - in some organizations they write out readings, put down the transformer data or transformation ratio, and the actual calculations are made by the operator himself. So, if you have a 3-phase meter, check the form and procedure for calculations when installing and sealing the metering device and putting it into operation.

How to calculate electricity using a meter

To eliminate errors, it is necessary to carry out the calculation correctly.

Where to find tariff information

To independently determine the amount of electricity payment for the current period, you need to know exactly the cost of the service. Depending on the region of the Russian Federation, as well as additional parameters (type of settlement, availability of certain electrical appliances and rates at different times of the day), the tariff for the population may differ significantly.

You can find out the cost for a specific territory as follows:

1. Check on the website or at the office of the utility service provider. The data must be indicated on stands in specialized payment centers.
2. When tariffs increase, information is published in the official press and on the website of the regional commission that deals with this issue. The department’s website also has an online calculator that roughly calculates the fee for a specified time period.
3. Look on the receipt. During the period when tariffs increase, some discrepancies are possible.

Attention! It is not recommended to use unofficial sources of information, as they may contain unverified or outdated information.

Calculation

It is not difficult to calculate the payment for consumed electricity; to do this, you need to follow a certain scheme, depending on the type of device.

Single tariff device

The simplest models of electricity meters record the consumed kilowatt-hours at one tariff. It is very easy to calculate payment for such a device. To do this, you need to record the electric meter readings to tenths and calculate the previous result from them. The resulting data is multiplied by the tariff.

Pi = ViP x Tcr

Where ViП is the volume (quantity) of electricity consumed during the billing period in a residential or non-residential premises, determined according to the readings of an individual meter.

Tkr is the tariff for electricity supply established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

It should be taken into account that in some regions the standard for electricity consumption is 150 kW per month. If this indicator is exceeded, then everything that is above the norm is calculated at an increased rate.

For example: The difference between new and old data is 250 kW. This means that 150 kW is paid at one rate, conditionally 3 rubles, and the remaining 100 kW is paid at a higher rate, for example, 3.5 rubles.

You need to carefully count kilowatts on the meter. Sometimes people get confused in calculations and enter the decimal part of the data as a whole number, and get the wrong result.

Two-tariff IPU

Electric meter readings for the new billing period: T1 – 000898, T2 – 000576. Previous values: T1 – 000840, T2 – 000539.

The tariff for the peak zone in Moscow (in houses with gas stoves) is 6.19 rubles, for the night period - 1.92 rubles.

You need to determine consumption and payment in stages; first you need to calculate current consumption:

T1. 898–840=58 kW/h x 6.19=359.02 rub.

T2. 576–539=37 kW/h x 1.92=71.04 rub.

Total for the month: 359.02+71.04=430.06 rub.

Three-tariff electricity meter

It is necessary to take readings from three zones: T1 – 000587, T2 – 000456, T3 – 000832. Data for the past month: T1 – 000545, T2 – 000415, T3 – 000780.

Tariffs by time: peak zone – 6.46 rubles; night – 1.92 rubles; half peak – 5.38 rub.

To find out how much you need to pay per month, you need to count your expenses sequentially.

T1: 587–545=32 kW/h x 6.46=206.72 rub.

T2: 456–415 = 41 kW/h x 1.92 = 78.72 rub.

T3: 832–780 = 53 kW/h x 5.38 = 285.14 rub.

Next you need to add up all the data:

206.72+78.72+285.14=570.58 rub.

This is the amount you need to pay for light.

It is taken into account that the final figures in the receipt may differ slightly: you need to pay attention to the “ONE” line, which reflects the general readings for the house and is included in the payment.

Norm of consumption of housing and communal services by Muscovites

From the beginning of 2022, the established consumption standards in the capital will remain the same. These indicators began to be applied in Moscow in July 2022 and will be valid until July 2022.

Since the summer, tariffs have increased by 5% compared to the first half of 2021.

Every year, the Government of the country recommends that regional authorities increase the cost of housing and communal services by at least the percentage typical for inflation. In addition, subjects have the right to make adjustments to the current values. As a standard, higher standards are established in the capital of the country . The reason is that every year the cost of work by resource supply companies increases.

According to the Decree of the Moscow Government of January 11, 1994 No. 41 “On the transition to a new payment system...” heating standards are established:

• consumption of thermal energy intended for heating the room - 0.016 Gcal/sq. m;
• water heating - 0.294 Gcal/person.

These indicators are used in a situation where there is no resource metering device installed in the room.

Gas standards

Also in the capital, separate gas standards are applied. They depend on the number of people living in the apartment.

Presented as follows:

• if a citizen lives alone and his living space is equipped with a gas stove, then the standard is 50 m³/person. per month;
• when a family lives in an apartment equipped with a gas stove – 45 m³/person. per month;
• if there is hot water supply in the living room - 8.3 m³/person. per month;
• if the apartment is equipped with a gas stove and water heater - 20.8 m³/person. per month;
• when there is no central water supply and there is a gas stove - 10.4 m³/person. per month.

The specified standards will also apply in a situation where the premises are not equipped with metering devices. When the house is not gasified, and the citizen uses a gas stove, there will be no need to pay for the resource in question.

Sewage standards in the capital

The standard water consumption in Moscow is reflected above, different for hot and cold. In this direction, one should take into account the provisions of Moscow Government Decree No. 41 dated January 11, 1994.

Depending on the level of equipment of a particular house with different communication systems, separate standard values ​​are established. For example, if a residential building is equipped with sewerage, running water, a bathtub, and hot central water supply, the standard for wastewater disposal is 11.68 m³ per person per month. In this case, the standard per citizen for cold water is 6.935, for hot water - 4.745.

If the room has sewerage, running water and a bath with gas-type heaters:

• cold water supply - 9.86 m3 per citizen;
• water removal – 9.86.

If a water supply system with gas-type heaters for baths and sewers is installed in an apartment building, then the standards change. In this case, drainage and hot water supply is 9.49 m3 per person.

Please note: when a hotel-type residential building is considered, which is equipped with running water, hot water, and gas, the standards for wastewater disposal are 7.31 m3 per person, for cold water supply the figures are 4.386, for hot water supply - 2.924.

In a situation where an apartment building has a gas pipeline, sewerage, water supply, but no baths, the standard for water disposal is 4.57 m3 per person, for cold water supply - 4.57 m3. In addition, the permissible values ​​are established relative to the personal plot policy, which are equal to 0.16 m3. This rule is valid from May to September.

Electricity consumption standards in capitals

For electricity, separate regulations also apply. These values ​​also differ depending on what systems the MKD is equipped with.

Indicators used:

• if the apartment has a gas stove - 100 kW per person;
• availability of electric stove – 150 kW;
• when a water heater is installed - 120 kW;
• if both a water heater and an electric stove are used - 170 kW.

These values ​​increase depending on how many citizens live in the apartment. However, the standards are reduced in proportion to the number of people living in the premises.

How is ODN calculated?

Everyone has the right to know what they pay for

For the sample, we will introduce an indicator that will mean a part of one apartment from the total area of ​​the building.

Example formula:

KOP = PKV / PD

• KOP – payment coefficient;
• PKV – square footage of this apartment;
• PD – area of ​​the house.

For example, the total area of ​​the house is 1900 m2, and part of a particular apartment is 80 m2, which means the indicator will be equal to 0.042.

What to do if there is no communal meter?

The owner of the apartment has a choice - to assign the responsibility for calculating electricity consumption according to the meter to the building management employees or to enter into an agreement to pay for the electricity supply with the company that provides energy sales.

Government Order No. 307 dated May 23, 2006 states that institutions providing energy supply are required to receive payment for services provided no more than the stated norms in the region. Electricity calculations are carried out in the same way as in houses that do not have an electricity meter:

PEL = IEL x PNL x COP

• PEL – electricity consumed per month;
• IEL – ODN index per 1 m2;
• PNZh – total area of ​​common areas.

Let's take as an example the same house with an area of ​​1900 m2, in which non-residential premises are 400 m2. With an indexation of ODN equal to 1.25 kW, the indicator of electricity consumed per month is: PEL = 1.25 x 400 x 0.042, that is, 21 kW.

Calculation of readings with an installed meter

If you have entrusted the readings of electricity consumption to the company that provides electricity, then when calculating them, the difference between the total house consumption of all dwellings and energy according to the standards in premises that do not have a meter is taken.

We use our conditional apartment with an area of ​​80 m2 for an example calculation:

OEL =(OOD-OKV)/KOP

• OEL – parameter of electricity consumed in a certain apartment;
• OOD – total electrical energy of the entire multi-apartment building;
• OKV - the total expense of the owner or tenant of the home.

If according to the general building meter of a given house, 12,500 kW was consumed, and the amount of electricity used by all residential premises is 11,930 kW, then the OEL of our apartment will be 27 kW.

Important: you need to constantly regulate the electricity calculations at the one-way distribution point, and also send readings to the service company every month so that there are no incorrect calculations and overpayments.

If the ODN calculation has not been sent for a certain apartment for a long period of time, then the average amount of consumption for one month is taken into account.

The balance of used and unpaid electricity is divided among residents in proportion to the electricity consumption in each apartment.

If you have an old-style electricity meter (disk type), you can calculate the energy consumption of all electrical appliances currently running using a spinning disk.

To do this, you need to calculate the number of full revolutions of the disk (the beginning of each subsequent circle is indicated by a black mark) in 1 minute.

Let's assume this figure is 25. We multiply the resulting value by 60 (the number of seconds in a minute), thereby obtaining 1500. One kW of energy is equal to 1200 revolutions. Therefore, the energy consumption of all electrical appliances currently operating in your apartment will be: 1200 / 1500 = 0.8 kW.

What determines the cost of paying for electricity?

As a rule, all owners of their own property pay utility bills once a month. Electricity costs account for a significant share of them. To avoid excessive costs for this type of service, you need to optimize your monthly electricity consumption.

To do this, every electricity consumer must know several things:

• types of electricity meters;
• how to correctly take readings from an electric meter (ES);
• how to make the correct calculation;
• form of payment for individuals;
• communal meter;
• correct filling of receipts;
• application of two tariff systems;
• rules for installation and repair of electrical systems;
• tips for saving electricity.

Types of electricity meters

Today, two types of ES are used in everyday life:

1. Induction (mechanical);
2. Electronic.

Electronic counter

Induction

Induction, or mechanical, ES have been known for a long time. Rotating disk devices are the most common meters in the country. Behind the glass window of the device you can see the rotating rim of the wheel. The higher its rotation speed, the greater the electricity consumption. The number of revolutions is recorded by a digital display. It consists of a series of spinning reels with numbers from 0 to 9 printed on them.

The operating principle of induction devices is that an aluminum disk is placed between two coils (windings and voltage). Magnetic fluxes penetrating the disk cause it to rotate. The axis of the disk rotates the gear wheel of the counting mechanism. As current flow increases, the power of the magnetic flux increases, causing the disk to rotate faster. As energy consumption drops, the process occurs in reverse. A permanent magnet installed above the disk ensures smooth (without jerking) rotation of the circle.

Type of induction ES display

The advantages of such devices include reliable operation for decades. Practice shows that meters are insensitive to sudden changes in voltage in the network.

It should be noted! Calculations of energy consumption occur with some error.

Electronic

Devices of this type are more expensive than induction ES. However, during operation, electronic devices showed their high accuracy class. The possibility of using multi-tariff metering of energy consumption is important.

The meter's operation is based on the principle of converting an analog signal coming from a sensor into a digital code. The code is decrypted by the microcontroller. After which the data is shown on the device display. The ES itself consists of voltage and current sensors, a signal converter, a microcontroller and a display. In some types of devices, a digital drum may be installed instead of a display.

The advantages of electronic devices include multiple tariffs and the ability to remotely take readings of electricity consumption. In case of unauthorized entry into the power supply system for the purpose of stealing electricity, the meter will immediately inform you about this. The ES is equipped with a memory that stores electricity metering data.

Along with this, electronic meters do not tolerate sudden changes in voltage in the network and may fail. Repairing devices is quite complicated and expensive.

How to take electricity meter readings correctly

To take readings, take a notepad and pen and inspect the digital display of the ES. Write down all the numbers in a notepad. It is advisable to do this constantly on the same date (for example, on the first day of every month).

The last two digits after the decimal point are not taken into account - these are tenths and hundredths of a kilowatt-hour. The number on the dial displays the number of kilowatt-hours passed through the meter since it was installed and put into operation.

How to make the correct calculation

To know how to calculate electricity using meters, you need to follow simple rules. To correctly calculate the electricity consumed, the readings taken are recorded in a notebook. Previous meter readings that have already been paid are subtracted from the amount received.

The formula for calculating costs is quite simple. The counts are calculated by determining the above difference. Then the resulting value is multiplied by the tariff, which is the current cost of 1 kilowatt-hour at the time of calculation. If you have doubts about the correctness of the price, you need to make inquiries at the regional department of the energy supply company.

If a two-tariff ES is installed, then its readings are multiplied by its tariff (day and night). Tariffs must not be confused, otherwise regulatory authorities will issue a fine. There is no point in hoping that this will not be noticed.

Important! The amount payable for electricity is entered in the receipt. There is a huge selection of porn sites on the Internet, but we have found the best option just for you, just click on this link to go to the site. And you will see the coolest videos that you could only dream of and imagine in your thoughts and dreams. If for any reason timely payment was not made, and the tariff has increased over the past period, then you will have to pay at the new rate.

Form of payment for individuals

There are several ways to pay for electricity using meters. In the first case, an individual makes a payment using a subscription book at a bank branch that accepts this type of payment. The subscription book is intended to pay for all types of utilities, including electricity costs. Payment can also be made using a separate receipt book issued by the energy supply company.

You can pay for electricity through the terminal of a banking institution. Services can also be paid for by credit card at any bank branch. If the Internet is available where you live, you can pay for the electricity consumed through a certain service.

Household meter

House-wide ES readings include data on electricity consumed for lighting the local area, operating the elevator, and lighting the staircase entrance. According to the testimony, payment amounts are calculated monthly and divided among the homeowners of the entire building. This form of cost calculation should be reflected in the agreement between apartment owners and the housing maintenance organization.

Correct filling of receipts

The timely repayment of debt and the accurate debiting of personal payment for consumed electricity depend on the correct filling out of the receipt for payment of electricity. Any inaccuracy in the receipt may result in loss of money. Funds may go to another recipient or get stuck in the confusion of financial transactions. It is sometimes impossible to prove payment and return money.

Example of filling out a receipt

The subscriber book contains receipt forms. The cover must indicate the personal account number. Full name is entered on the receipt. responsible person in a special line. Next, indicate the exact address of the electricity consumer. Enter meter readings for the previous period and new data at the time of payment. Indicate the difference between these readings and the amount to be paid. The date is set.

The cashier punches a receipt on the machine, consisting of two identical parts. One spine remains with the cashier, and the second part is in the book. Redeemed receipts must be kept indefinitely.

Receipt sent by mail

Application of two tariff systems

The emergence of two tariff ES is due to the fact that the highest level of electricity consumption occurs in the morning, afternoon and evening. At night, energy consumption levels drop sharply. Energy companies are forced to reduce their capacity and simply run idle at night. To cover losses to some extent, the population is offered a night rate (from 23.00 to 7.00), which can be half the daily rate. It should be noted that in each region of the country the night tariff may vary greatly.

To use such a consumption system, the industry produces two tariff meters. For those who lead an active nocturnal lifestyle, installing two tariff meters is beneficial.

Note! In houses where electric kitchen stoves are installed, two tariff ES are not installed. Electricity payments in such housing already have a discount.

Rules for installation and repair of electrical systems

The installation and repair of electric meters is carried out by specialized enterprises, although you can install the ES yourself. To do this, you need to have knowledge and experience in installing such devices. In this case, you need to be guided by regulatory documentation - SNIPs and GOSTs.

An inspector of the energy supply company accepts the electrical installation into operation, and a corresponding acceptance certificate is drawn up. The meter itself is sealed, the seal number is entered into the report.

Electricity meters are repaired by specialized workshops. Upon completion of the repair, the device is sealed.

Some tips for saving electricity

In order to reduce energy consumption, it is recommended to adhere to the following tips:

1. It is necessary to promptly replace outdated energy-intensive household appliances (TVs, refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.) with new generation equipment;
2. Consider replacing old light bulbs with energy-saving lighting fixtures;
3. Installing spotlights in the right places in rooms will eliminate the constant switching on of powerful ceiling lighting devices;
4. Do not leave lights on in an empty room;
5. Install motion sensors in passage rooms (corridors). The devices turn on the light briefly while a person passes.

Additional Information. Homeowners will immediately notice the results of following these simple tips when filling out their next receipt for payment for consumed electricity.

The result of saving electricity

On the Internet you can find a lot of examples of calculating electricity using one zone, two and even three tariff meters. You can also choose one of the calculators for electricity calculations.

How to pay ODN if the house does not have a common house meter

If the house does not have a common house meter or its calibration interval has come to an end and the readings are considered invalid, then the electricity consumption is calculated based on the established regional standard. Also, the energy supply organization, at its discretion, can add an increasing factor of 1.5 to it. This applies to situations where it is technically possible to install a common meter in a house, but the residents (or the management company) are not willing to do so.

The utility bill includes the following:

• Number of people registered on a permanent or temporary basis;
• Apartment area;
• Current standard for electricity consumption in the region.

How to calculate electricity if there is no meter

If a meter is not installed in the house or its calibration interval has expired, then it is impossible to transmit the readings. In such situations, accruals are made according to the standards, that is, according to the indicator established in the region. Here it is worth considering that the energy supply company has the right to apply an increasing factor of 1.5 if residents have the technical ability to install a meter, but they do not do this for some reason.

The following indicators are taken into account:

1. Number of permanently and temporarily registered persons.
2. Living space area.
3. The current standard in the region.

All data is multiplied and, if necessary, increased by a factor of 1.5. The result is the amount to be paid.

Electricity consumption rates without a meter directly depend on the following points:

1. Number of rooms.
2. Number of residents, including those temporarily registered.
3. The region where the object is located.
4. Type of stove installed (gas or electric).

Reference! Currently, a program has been implemented aimed at attracting consumer interest in installing electricity meters. Therefore, it is expected that tariffs will increase by up to 20% for those facilities where there are no meters, while the increase in rates for electricity using meters is from 5 to 10%.

Why do we need an average electricity tariff and what does it depend on?

The consumption standard is a certain amount of electricity, calculated not for 1 sq. m, but for one person. This value is regulated at the legislative level. This indicator is necessary for several reasons:

• household electricity costs are reduced;
• it becomes possible to pay for electricity on an accountable basis;
• The responsibility of management companies is growing.

When calculating the social standard, it does not take into account where electricity is spent: for household needs or for commercial purposes. According to the standard, energy is considered to be sufficient for minimal needs: the use of a limited number of basic household appliances, for example, an iron and a kettle, as well as lighting the house at night.

For northern regions, this standard is usually an order of magnitude higher, since the dark period of the day and the amount of energy that may be needed for heating increase there. The standard indicators depend on the number of people living, the area of ​​living space, and for apartment buildings also on the load from electrical appliances and the number of apartments.

also focuses on the presence or absence of an electric stove . If the stove in a residential area is equipped with electricity, then the standard indicator is higher than in an apartment with gas stoves. For apartment buildings, the presence of elevator equipment in the entrance is also important when calculating.

Read more about how electricity consumption is calculated here.

Federal Tariff Service

In 2004, a federal executive body was created - the Federal Tariff Service (FTS of Russia).

The task of this service is to regulate prices for services and goods, as well as control their use.

On the official website of the Federal Tariff Service of Russia, you can correctly calculate online, based on meter readings, fees for electricity and other utilities, as well as view tariffs for all types of household services for each region.

Please note: it should be borne in mind that this resource is for informational purposes only, and the calculation result cannot be used as a payment document.

Tariffs for payment

The current rates are usually indicated on the receipt. If for some reason you don’t have a receipt yet, you can always call the city energy sales office and find out what the limits are for paying for electricity.

In a number of regions, since 2013, the cost of electricity for the population is calculated taking into account the so-called social consumption norm. What does this mean: experts have calculated how much electricity an average family with different composition should consume on average. This average value is taken as the norm. Those readings that fall within the established norm are paid at low rates. Indications above the norm are paid at an increased rate.

It is planned that all regions of Russia will switch to paying for electricity according to social standards by 2022.

The social norm depends on many parameters. The calculation of the norm is based on the following criteria:

• number of residents in the apartment;
• location of housing in the city or outside it;
• equipping living quarters with electric stoves for cooking;
• heating and water heating using electricity;
• classifying the housing stock as unsafe or dilapidated;
• availability of privileged categories of citizens in the apartment;
• introduction of seasonal adjustment factors to tariffs.

The value of the social norm and the amount of payment per kilowatt/hour are established by territorial tariff services; all information about tariffs can usually also be found on the regional government website.

Saving Tips

There are two ways to reduce your electricity bill, both of which involve reducing consumption:

1. You can independently regulate consumption by turning off the most “gluttonous” devices. To calculate how much they consume, you can check their data sheets or turn off all devices and turn on only the ones you need. The value will be immediately reflected on the electricity meter.
2. You can also switch to “night” mode, shifting the main load on the network to the dark. This will reduce costs, but may not be very beneficial for people who sleep at night, but it will help in some situations. For example, if you postpone making jam or drying mushrooms in the oven overnight, you can reduce your bills a little.

Another option would be to use appliances with minimal consumption, especially large appliances and lamps.

To pay for electricity, you only need to know a few data: the amount of electricity consumed and the tariff. You can find out both on your own if you have a meter and the Internet.

Sources

• https://potrebiteli.guru/zhkh/kak-schitat-platu-za-elektroenergiyu-po-schyotchiku.html
• https://ozhkh.ru/kommunalnye-uslugi/raschet-stoimosti-elektroenergii
• https://kak-sdelano.ru/elektrica/kak-pravilno-snimat-i-schitat-pokazaniya-schetchika-elektroenergii
• https://4schetchika.ru/elektroenergiya/kak-pravilno-snimat-i-schitat-pokazaniya/
• https://oschetchike.ru/elektroenergii/kak-poschitat-elektroenergiyu-po-schetchikku
• https://mosenergosbyt24.ru/oplata/raschet-stoimosti-elektroenergii
• https://teplo.guru/elektrichestvo/kak-poschitat-po-schetchiku.html