Power control when connecting individuals up to 15 kW

What is allocated electrical power?

The allocated power (or permitted power) is the maximum permissible one-time load in kW on the consumer's network (apartment, private house or cottage), which cannot be exceeded.

The rules for connecting private houses and apartments to the electrical network are set out in SP 31-110-2003 “Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and public buildings” and RM-2696-01 “Temporary instructions for calculating electrical loads of residential buildings.” According to these documents, each apartment or private house should be allocated from 5 to 7 kW if a gas stove is installed, and from 8 to 11 kW with an electric stove installed. In addition, the allocated power must be specified in the electricity supply contract.

For comparison, during the Soviet era in apartments, as a rule, the established electricity rate was only 1.5-3 kW, but the increase in the number of household electrical appliances and their power consumption gradually required an increase in this parameter.

Private houses and dachas located in horticultural, gardening and dacha non-profit partnerships, as a rule, are allocated electricity within the limits of the connected power specified in the technological connection act, which is no more than 15 kW in a three-phase network (5 kW for each phase) or no more than 5.5 kW in a single-phase network. This norm is established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 334 “On introducing amendments to certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on improving the procedure for technological connection of consumers to electric networks.”

Tariffs in Moscow for apartments and houses in rural areas

Single-tariff metering using a single-rate tariff for the population and equivalent categories of consumers in Moscow for 2022

Two-tariff metering using a tariff differentiated by day zones for the population and equivalent categories of consumers in Moscow for 2022

Multi-tariff metering using a tariff differentiated by day zones for the population and equivalent categories of consumers in Moscow for 2022

Dedicated power and input machine

In accordance with the value of the allocated power, a corresponding input circuit breaker (or circuit breaker) is installed in the electrical panel, where the external power cable of the electrical network is supplied, which is located immediately after the electric meter.

The device is a box with a switch designed to protect the entire electrical wiring of the house from overload and short circuit currents, as well as a general disconnection of its power supply from the external line. As a rule, after the introductory circuit breaker, additional circuit breakers are installed for various types of loads.

Input circuit breakers can be single-pole, two-pole (used in single-phase electrical networks) and three-pole (used in a three-phase network and allow each phase to be disconnected). For example, with an authorized power of 5.5 kW, a 25 A input circuit breaker (C25) will be installed in the electrical panel. On the Internet you can easily find tables that indicate the permitted power of each circuit breaker model.

How much electricity does an apartment consume on average?

To begin with, it is important to calculate the required amount of power to power a private home. For this purpose, find out the power of household appliances that are most often used. The obtained parameters are summed up, calculated coefficients are applied and the required amount of required power is obtained. It is impossible to carry out electrical installation work in your electrical panel without obtaining the appropriate documents - any steps must be agreed upon with the relevant organizations in the electrical power industry:

This is called Pust - installed power, i.e. sum of kW of all consumers. In this case, more than 5 kW is already needed, which means that the allocated power of 3 kW is simply not enough. To reduce current consumption at the same power, it is worth switching to a 3-phase network. This will make it possible to distribute consumers into three phases. And a powerful load (more than 5 kW) cannot be connected in one phase, this is prohibited by the PUE (and a modern electric stove can consume 9 kW).

We will not dwell in more detail on the preparation of documentation for connecting the power supply; this is a separate topic. Our task is to determine the materials and devices for external installation work, which, although they are an intermediate stage in the connection, are the most important, since they are related to human safety.

• Electrical wiring is installed only in accordance with regulated PUE standards.
• Electricity supply to an apartment or a detached residential building is carried out from networks with a voltage of 220/380 V.
• The maximum permitted power in a private house is calculated by the future resident and has no restrictions unless the local administration has established its own standards.

More serious consequences may arise if, in addition to violating the amount of allocated energy, an accusation of uncontrolled electricity consumption is brought forward. The basis for this will be the removal of seals from the input machine. You can get more detailed information about the consequences of uncontrolled electricity consumption, electricity metering rules, etc. on our website.

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How to determine what the allocated electricity capacity is in your home?

There are several ways to determine the exact allocated power that a private house or summer cottage has.

1) View the rating of the input machine

The easiest way to determine the allocated power of electricity to a house is by the value of the operating current for which the input circuit breaker installed in the electrical panel is designed. To do this you will need to perform a simple calculation. For example, on the body of the input machine the operating current is indicated as 32 A. It is necessary to use the following formula: P max = U x I, where:

• U – rated mains voltage (220 or 230 V – will depend on what mains voltage is supplied to the house);

I – indicator of the operating current of the input circuit breaker in amperes.

The problem with this method is that the rating of the input machine does not always coincide with the official allocated power.

For example, this occurs when an external line has been upgraded with an increase in its power, and also if the electrical wiring has not been changed for a long time or its installation was performed poorly.

If the allocated power of electricity significantly exceeds the capabilities of the input circuit breaker, then it would be advisable to replace it and bring all electrical wiring in the house into compliance.

2) Contact the operating organization

The allocated power per home can also be found in the electricity supply contract. If it is missing, then you must contact the operating organization, which must issue a certificate of actual power consumption and installed power. In Moscow and the Moscow region, this is done by Mosenergosbyt OJSC. The company provides the service for a fee, its cost is on average 2 thousand rubles.

If a private house is serviced by a management company, then it is the company that is obliged to issue the owner a certificate of allocated power or permission to connect to the house’s electrical networks and an act of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility.

In SNT, the data on allocated power for each site is owned by the chairman of the partnership, who must inform its users about this.

3) Study the energy supply agreement

You can find out the allocated power in the contract for power supply of an individual residential building (household) between Mosenergosbyt OJSC and the owner. Information about this is usually indicated in the “Subject of the Agreement” section with the following wording: the maximum power of a household is determined based on the parameters of the technological connection of the subscriber’s power receiving devices to electrical networks and is 5 kW.

No more than 100 kilowatt-hours for each"

It is also noted that the proposed limit slightly exceeds the average rate of electricity consumption in the country, since in Russia this figure is 90 kilowatt-hours per month. At the same time, according to experts, low-income citizens have virtually no opportunity to use energy-efficient technologies, which leads to their higher electricity consumption.

“Differentiated tariffs have been established in many countries around the world. Their main principle is to stimulate people to save. Those who manage to use electricity wisely pay less,” said Irina Bulgakova, chairman of the expert council of the State Duma Committee on Housing Policy and Housing and Communal Services.

After purchasing a home on the secondary real estate market, first of all, new owners, as a rule, change the wiring. In the process, it turns out that replacing the input circuit breaker is not so simple. If to install a model of the same type it is enough to call the electricians of the company providing the services, then to connect an AV with a large rated current, you need to submit an application so that the allocated electrical power is increased. Detailed information on this issue is provided below.

A responsible homeowner and even an apartment renter should know what the maximum permitted electrical power is and how many kilowatts are required per apartment by law. This knowledge will be useful when calculating power consumption standards, during the installation of electrical wiring and sockets, after purchasing a large number of electrical equipment and devices.

Basic power standards for electricity are allocated by law in accordance with SNiP 31-02. This document contains the basic provisions about what the consumption limit is, how many kilowatts are allocated to an apartment and private housing according to the “Rules for Electrical Installations” (PUE) and GOST standards for installing RCDs, marking wiring, and installing devices for metering electricity consumption in a residential building. Here are some basic points.

It is better to find out how many kW per apartment is allocated from the developer, so that when you turn on a large number of electrical appliances, there will be no problems with the power supply or blackout. This is especially true for those owners whose housing area exceeds 60 sq.m.

After 10 days after sending the notice, the company disconnects the power supply. To avoid this, the consumer must eliminate the violation within ten days, and then contact the service provider to draw up the appropriate report. Electricity supply will be restored after the electric company pays the penalty in accordance with the contract.

Calculation of the total power consumption of the load in the house

Calculation of the total power consumed by the load is necessary to find out whether there will be enough power to supply existing electrical appliances with electricity and connect new consumers in the future.

The power consumed by the entire load is calculated as the sum of the power consumption of all devices turned on at the same time. To do this, you need to find out the maximum active power of each consumer, taking into account its starting currents. It is indicated on the “nameplate” or in the data sheet of the device and is measured in W.

You can also find the designation of power consumption in volt-amperes (VA). But this is not the same meaning. Active power is measured in watts (denoted by the letter “P”), and in volt-amperes - total power (denoted by the letter “S”). To calculate the maximum load, you will need exactly the value in W. To convert VA to W, you need to use an online calculator or the formula: P = S x cos(φ), where cos(φ) is the power factor (if it is unknown, then the average value is usually taken, which is equal to 0.8).

After calculating the total load power consumption, it is necessary to add a reserve that takes into account a possible increase in the number of consumers in the future. As a rule, another 20-30% of the maximum load is added.

How to calculate electricity consumption without a meter

According to the data in the examples, it turned out that the multi-tariff calculation method turned out to be the most profitable. The consumer can determine for himself which system will bring savings specifically for him. To do this, you need to find out the approximate power consumption for each zone of the day and multiply it by the current tariffs.

• the number of citizens temporarily or permanently residing in a given living space;
• availability of benefits;
• applicable tariff;
• presence or absence of an electric stove;
• region of location of the consumer;
• possibility of installing IPU from the technical side;
• place of residence of the consumer - within or outside the city limits.

Power consumption: Power 60W - energy consumption will be 60 W or 0.06 kilowatts in 1 hour Power 95W - consumes electricity 95 W 0.095 kilowatts in 1 hour Power 100W - will consume 100 or 0.1 kilowatts of electricity in 1 hour.

Reference! Currently, a program has been implemented aimed at attracting consumer interest in installing electricity meters. Therefore, it is expected that tariffs will increase by up to 20% for those facilities where there are no meters, while the increase in rates for electricity using meters is from 5 to 10%.

1. First, you need to find out what standard electricity consumption per square meter exists in your region.
2. Next, you need to calculate the total area of ​​all apartments in the house. You also need to calculate the average footage of one apartment. And find out the area of ​​common areas.
3. Now you need to make calculations using this formula: V1 = Nod xStot xSо.kv/S vol. In this formula, Nod is the standard electricity per square meter. meter of common use, Stotal is the area of ​​common areas, Sо.sq is the area of ​​one apartment, Sоb is the total area of ​​all apartments.
4. Now we need to do a simple calculation P1=V1xT. Here V1 is the amount of public electricity per apartment, and T is the tariff for utilities.

Selection of the “Calm” voltage stabilizer model for home protection

So, having data on the allocated power, you can easily select a suitable voltage stabilizer model to protect the entire electrical system in the house.

When choosing a stabilizer model for centralized connection of electrical appliances, you need to pay attention to its technical capabilities. For example, it is important that the device has terminal blocks through which it can be easily connected to the mains.

The design should also be taken into account. If the stabilizer will be installed next to the electrical panel, then it must be able to be wall mounted. The noise level is important when installing the device in a residential area.

Selection according to the nominal value of the introductory machine

Stabilizer for single-phase network

For example, a 220 V network with a permissible output power of 5.5 kW is installed in a house with a 25 A input circuit breaker installed. In this case, wall-mounted IS7000 voltage stabilizer models with an output power of 7000 VA / 5000 W or IS1106RT for floor or rack installation are ideal with output power 6 kVA / 5.4 kW.

Stabilizer for three-phase network

Another example. A three-phase network of 380 V for 15 kW was installed in a private house. In this case, each phase accounts for 5 kW. Accordingly, three 25 A single-phase circuit breakers are installed in the electrical panel. In this case, there are several options to protect the entire electrical system of the house.

Selection depending on the total load power

You can also select the necessary voltage stabilizer model for centralized home protection based on the total power consumption of the load that is currently connected or planned in the future.

For example, in a house with a 220 V network, the following single-phase electrical appliances are installed, to which a voltage stabilizer must be connected:

To this amount it is necessary to add a 30 percent margin (6200 x 1.3), since when the mains voltage drops, the output power of the stabilizer will decrease, which can lead to its overload and switching to bypass mode. Therefore, the required output power of the stabilizer will be at least 8000 W.

If you choose from the line of inverter voltage stabilizers of the InStab series, then single-phase models are well suited for this example:

• IS10000 10 kVA/9 kW for wall installation;
• IS10000RT 10 kVA/9 kW for floor or rack mounting.

Ways to increase the power supply capacity of a private home

There are three ways that will allow you to use more electrical power in a private home:

1. Increasing capacity by submitting an application to the network company. To do this, you need to collect a package of documents and draw up an application according to the established template. If the requested power does not exceed 15 kW, then the cost of the measures will be 550 rubles.
2. Setting the priority relay. It won't actually increase power. However, using the device will allow you to distribute it correctly. The principle of operation of the relay is quite simple. If the existing power is exceeded, it turns off equipment that is not a priority.
3. Installing the inverter. The device accumulates power during periods when practically no electricity is consumed. For example, at night. Having accumulated a certain power reserve, the inverter turns on during peak load periods.

The choice of the most suitable option for increasing power depends on the capabilities, wishes and requirements of the home owner.

How many kilowatts are allocated for an apartment?

You bought an apartment and don’t know how much power is allocated . We decided to increase the comfort in an old apartment, make repairs and add more consumers (warm floors, air conditioners, dryer, oven, etc.), but only 5 kilowatts were allocated in the apartment, how to get more power?

If there is enough power, then you can use the required number of electrical appliances without fear of problems, failures, or the machine being knocked out.

The allocated power for the apartment is unknown, how can I find out?

Method 1. View the nominal value of the installed machine near the meter (not the most accurate method)

See what circuit breakers (circuit breakers) are located near the meter. Based on the rating of the machine, you can determine the allocated power and the number of phases.

For example, if we see a single-pole or two-pole circuit breaker, it means there is only one phase. The numbers will tell you the allocated power:

Two-pole circuit breaker with a rating of 32 amperes

• C16 - means 16 amperes, multiply 16A by 230 volts, we get 3680 watts, total 3.6 kilowatts. Typically, such power was allocated in apartments of the 50s, equipped with a gas stove.
• C25 - means 25 amps, multiply 25A by 230 volts, we get 5750 watts, total 5.7 kilowatts.
• C32 - means 32 amps, multiply 32A by 230 volts, we get 7360 watts, total 7.3 kilowatts.
• C50 means 50 amps, multiply 50A by 230 volts, we get 11,500 watts, total 11.5 kilowatts.
• C63 - means 63 amps, multiply 63A by 230 volts, we get 14490 watts, total 14.5 kilowatts.

If the circuit breaker is three or four pole, then the network is three-phase , then you can safely multiply the value calculated above for a single-phase network by 3.

Three-pole circuit breaker with a rating of 25 amperes

For example, a three-phase C25 circuit breaker will withstand a power of 17.1 kilowatts, but this is the maximum power, not the allocated power, and usually for a C25 circuit breaker the allocated power is exactly 15 kilowatts .

As you can see, determining the allocated power using a circuit breaker is not the most accurate method .

Then how to find out the exact number? Agreement with energy sales?

Method 2. View the power specified in the electricity supply contract.

What is an electricity supply agreement?

An electricity supply agreement is a formal agreement with an energy retailer , under which the electricity supply company undertakes to provide electricity to the consumer.

What to do if you don’t have a power supply contract in your hands?

You must contact Energy Sales (the company responsible for providing electricity) at your address and request this agreement.

Sample energy supply agreement

What is the Electricity Standard Per Person in 2021

It must be taken into account that if it is impossible to install a meter for technical reasons and there is an inspection report, then citizens pay according to the standard. If they simply do not want to install it, increasing factors are applied and the payment for electricity consumption becomes higher every year. It is usually impossible to install meters in dilapidated and unsafe houses. Therefore, they will not be affected by the tariff increase.

Utility service providers issue a separate warning that if errors are not corrected, certain increase factors will apply. The right to apply coefficients appears if a warning is issued, but within two months the other party has not taken any action to eliminate the problem.

The second - in the event that there is no meter, accounting is carried out according to the standard established by law , namely paragraph 33 of Government Decree No. 614 of July 22, 2013, which reads: “In the absence of an individual, common (apartment) or room metering device when calculating fees for utility service for electricity supply to the volume of electrical energy consumption determined on the basis of the consumption standards of the utility service for electricity supply, the social norm is applied with a reducing factor “K”, with the exception of cases where the consumer provides an inspection report confirming the lack of technical feasibility of installing a meter in the corresponding residential premises.

It is not always possible to install residential electricity meters. If there is no technical possibility, then consumption standards established by regional authorities will be used to calculate the cost of utility services. This is an average figure and does not always correspond to real figures.

For example, if the average electricity consumption in an apartment with a gas stove installed inside reaches 100 kW/h, then with an electric stove this figure will be 150 kW/h; a water heater will reduce this figure to 120 kW/h. All these numerical values ​​correspond to only one person. A larger number of residents automatically reduces the norm per person.

How to get more power if not enough is allocated?

Many homeowners in apartment buildings are faced with the need to increase power . Typically, such needs arise after installing electric heated floors, a powerful air conditioning system or an electric stove. As a rule, apartments need a power increase of up to 15 kW.

Increasing the power of an electrical installation requires the consumer to perform actions specified by the legislation of the Russian Federation:

• preparation of relevant documentation
• obtaining technical specifications
• electrical project development
• carrying out the appropriate amount of electrical work

List of documents that will be needed to allocate power

• certificate of ownership
• documents that confirm the availability of previously allocated capacity, as well as its current volume;
• act confirming connection to electrical networks;
• acts of delimitation drawn up during the previous annexation;

Sequence of the procedure

1. Submitting a corresponding application to the representative office of the electric grid organization.
2. Concluding an agreement for connecting the missing capacity.
3. Obtaining technical specifications for electricity (technical specifications are developed and issued to the applicant by representatives of the network company).
4. Development and approval of a new electrical project.
5. Carrying out work provided for by technical specifications.
6. Actual power connection , which consists of performing a list of electrical installation works.

Of course, you can resolve issues related to registration of additional capacity yourself. But the services of specialized organizations are guaranteed to save you time and nerves.

Platonov Igor

1. Find out the permissible power per apartment

you can use a counter, for example, using the formula:

P = U x Imax x 0.8;

where U is the network voltage, I is the network current, 0.8 is the correction factor, P is the permissible power for the apartment.

In ordinary apartments U=220 volts, the maximum current value depends on the meter and is indicated on it, for example:

The permissible maximum current value is circled in red on the meter, in this case I = 32 amperes.

Substituting the values ​​into the formula, we get 220 x 32 x 0.8 = 5632 watts, that is, 5.632 kW. If the meter allows a maximum current of 40 amperes, then we get 220 x 40 x 0.8 = 7040 watts, that is, 7.04 kW.

You can also apply for a certificate about the power of an object (apartment, cottage, etc.) from the energy provider company. The service is paid, depending on the region. A certificate, for example, from Mosenergosbyt, depending on the type of object, costs 1.3-3.1 thousand rubles.

2. Meters are placed depending on the category of housing stock

. Housing stock of the 2nd category (standard) has two electrification standards:

- from 5 to 7 kilowatts is the norm for a private house or apartment where gas stoves are installed; - from 8 to 11 kW - for objects where there is an electric stove.

The least amount of power falls on a small-sized apartment and a house built under the social housing program.

3. If you are purchasing an electrical appliance

, then you must know how much energy it consumes, so that, taking into account the power of all your devices, you do not end up in a situation where traffic jams occur or the electricity automatically turns off.

Here are the characteristics of some devices.

Household Appliances Power(W)

Electric stove 1100-6000 Hairdryer 450-2000 Iron 600-2000 Heater 1000-2400 Vacuum cleaner 400-2000 TV 100-400 Washing machine 1000-3000 Refrigerator 150-2000 Computer 400-750 Kettle 1000 -3000 Fan 750-1700 Tools Hammer 600-1400 Drill 400-800 Circular saw 750-1600 Hay mower 750-2500 Jigsaw 250-700 Circulating saw 1800-2100 Sander 650-2200 Household equipment Compressor 750-2800 Water pump 500-900 Air conditioner 1000-300 0 Fan 750-1700 Gas boiler 40-1000 Electric boiler control 1000

4.How many kilowatts can the wiring in the apartment withstand?

Under ideal conditions, a standard copper

with a cross section of 2.5 mm2 can withstand a load of 5.9 kW,
made of aluminum
- 4.4 kW.

In working conditions, aluminum conductors of old houses

with a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 can withstand 3.5 kW at a current of 16 A. APPVs of 6 mm2 do not burn out at a load of 5.5 kW and a current of 25 A. Wires with a cross-section of 4 mm2 will withstand 4.4 kW at a current of 25 A.

According to the rules of the PUE, a three-core copper wire with a cross-section of 1.5 mm2 must withstand a maximum permissible load of 5.9 kW. 4 mm2 cable – 8.3 kW with a current of 28 A. Conductor with a cross-section of 6 mm2 with a current of 46 A – 10.1 kW.

5. What are the dangers of excess power?

Excessive power leads to both accidents (wire burnout, fires) and sanctions from the provider company.

- ignoring the notification after 10 days - turning off the power supply to the facility; - connection bypassing the line - charging a fine, recalculating the power according to the maximum indicator from the moment of inspection, connecting to the general network at the expense of the violator; - non-contractual use - fine for lack of agreement, recalculation according to the normal power indicator.

Messages about sanctions will be sent to the client using one of the forms above.

What is the average electricity consumption in an apartment per month?

Many people simply cannot imagine life without them. It should be noted that each electrical appliance consumes a different amount of electricity. But, besides this, almost any apartment uses additional lighting devices, which also consume electricity.

1. Computer. Computer is different from computer. Some of them have more powerful power supplies, while others, on the contrary, have weak ones. Among other things, a computer's energy consumption directly depends on how loaded it is. Simply put, the more of its own resources a computer spends, the more energy it consumes.

If the power supply is 350-550 W, then most likely it will not consume that amount of power even when fully loaded. Do not forget about the monitor, the amount of electricity consumption of which varies in the range from 60 to 100 W in operating mode.

1. Fridge. This is perhaps the only electrical appliance in the house that is plugged in 24/7 and works in this state for many years. No other appliance in the house can compare with it in terms of energy consumption. It accounts for at least 30% of the total amount of electricity consumed by all appliances in the house.

1. Washing machine. It is impossible to say with certainty exactly how much electricity a washing machine uses. This indicator is not constant. So, for example, the greatest amount of electricity is consumed by a washing machine while it heats water. The average power of this unit is 2.0-2.5 kW. This means that the machine can only consume this amount of electricity in the most energy-consuming mode for it.

1. Kettle and iron. Probably every Russian knows that household appliances such as a kettle and iron consume the largest amount of electricity of all those that are most often found in the house. But do not forget that these electrical appliances do not work 24 hours a day, but are turned on a maximum of several times a day.

1. Formation of debt amounting to more than 2 months.
2. Requirement of bailiffs.
3. Further use of indoor equipment is unsafe for human life and health.
4. An object connected under a temporary scheme has expired its technological connection period or grounds have arisen for early termination of the contract.

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The state's goal is to encourage consumers to use electricity economically. Those who do not intend to reduce volumes will be forced to pay a higher price for the service. As a result, a private owner buys electricity for little money due to the fact that the business pays for the resource at an inflated rate.

To eliminate this imbalance, a stepped tariff system was introduced. Its essence lies in the fact that the owners of luxury housing, which consume a lot of resources, will pay a tariff that exceeds the standards in force for the general population of the country.

This system was introduced to create fair conditions for users with different standards of living. On average throughout the country, electricity is supplied at a price below cost. While this is normal for the poor, wealthy people enjoy such subsidies undeservedly.

• for residents of rural areas an additional 90 kWh per month is provided;
• if no one is registered in the country house or only one person is registered, only one social norm will be highlighted;
• when installing a gas stove in a household, the consumption standard will decrease by 43 kWh per person;
• When installing an electricity meter during the heating season, an additional 3000 kWh is provided to the standard.

The concept of permissible electrical power for an apartment and ways to increase it

Based on para. 7 clause 2 of Rule No. 861, the maximum installed electrical power is the largest amount of power that can be allocated by the electricity provider. It is measured in kilowatts, taken into account by common house and apartment appliances, and paid according to the established tariff. But in some cases, the power is not enough, and consumers begin to think about increasing it through legal means.

1. What is “dedicated power” of electricity?
2. What are the dangers of exceeding the permitted power?
3. Rules and regulations
4. How to find out how much power is allocated
5. Calculation of required power
6. How many kilowatts can the wiring in the apartment withstand?
7. How to increase allocated power
8. For individuals
9. For legal entities and companies

How many kilowatts are required for an apartment according to the 2022 law?

The head of the Agency for Energy Analysis, Alexey Presnov, considers reducing the number of subsidized consumers and increasing preferential tariffs correct, but, in his opinion, this does not solve the problem of distortion of price signals in the energy market. “The problem is political and should be solved outside the market through fees and taxes,” he says. “In all countries there are social consumers, but in developed market jurisdictions the “crossroads” are not directly included in the tariffs, but are collected as a separate payment as part of the network tariff, transparently allocated at the regional and municipal level."

Deputy head of the FAS Vitaly Korolev noted that on average per person in the Russian Federation there is 89 kWh per month, although in a number of regions it is noticeably more (in the Irkutsk region - about 225 kWh). He noted the success of introducing social norms for the population in Crimea with ranges of up to 150 kWh per month, up to and over 600 kWh. “This norm stimulates energy saving measures and reduction of cross-subsidies,” says Mr. Korolev. Other departments and Dmitry Kozak’s office did not provide additional explanations. In the Ministry of Construction, which oversees housing and communal services (the department did not receive Mr. Kozak’s instructions), Kommersant’s request was forwarded to the Ministry of Energy.

The basic element of engineering electrical communications is the socket. Therefore, they are found everywhere in any room. However, often their characteristics may differ. In modern conditions, when the power of devices is constantly growing, many old Soviet communications cannot withstand the load.

What is “dedicated power” of electricity?

The allocated power is the maximum permissible load on the consumer network

The permitted energy power in an apartment is the maximum amount that a consumer can use at a time. The maximum load on the consumer network is always specified in the electricity supply contract.

To fully understand the issue of permissible power, it is worth understanding its types. Today there is power:

• connected - the sum of the power indicators of all electrical equipment connected to the network;
• installed - indicated in the documentation for the equipment and provides for the functioning of the devices in normal mode;
• one-time - determined based on calculations of the power consumption of devices for a specific period of time;
• temporary or permitted - the maximum indicator that the energy supply company provides to the user.

The regulation of relations between electricity providers and consumers was approved by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation on January 19, 2002.

Permitted electricity power in an apartment: standard kilowatts per apartment with an electric stove

Electrification of any facility is carried out in accordance with the specifications developed by the company providing electricity supply services. One of the paragraphs of this document indicates the parameters of allocated power for the consumer network. The energy supply company forms technical specifications based on the declared capacity, justified by calculations.

• connected - the sum of the power indicators of all electrical equipment connected to the network;
• installed - indicated in the documentation for the equipment and provides for the functioning of the devices in normal mode;
• one-time - determined based on calculations of the power consumption of devices for a specific period of time;
• temporary or permitted - the maximum indicator that the energy supply company provides to the user.

• ignoring the notification after 10 days – turning off the power supply to the facility;
• connection bypassing the line - charging a fine, recalculating the power according to the maximum indicator from the moment of inspection, connecting to the public network at the expense of the violator;
• non-contractual use – fine for lack of agreement, recalculation based on normal power indicator.

To operate household appliances in an apartment, electricity is required, but the number of simultaneously operating devices is limited by the allocated power. Usually, if gas is installed in the apartment, increasing the limited energy is not necessary. In other cases, you can increase the electricity limit in your home.

1. The amount of energy supplied to the subscriber must be determined in the contract in the appropriate physical units of measurement. When supplying electricity, the amount of active energy supplied is determined according to data on its actual consumption. If the contract provides for the supply of not only energy, but also the amount of electrical power, the energy supplying organization is obliged to provide the power specified in the contract. If the energy supplying organization supplies less energy than stipulated by the contract, the subscriber has the right to demand compensation for losses, in accordance with Art. 547 of the Civil Code, unless otherwise specified by agreement.

But the input distribution board will be increased in size, since the meter itself is larger than a single-phase one, and the circuit breakers occupy 3-4 modules. Three-phase RCDs also have larger dimensions. This is a disadvantage of three-phase input into the house, but it is not very significant compared to such advantages as the ability to connect asynchronous electric drives, electric boilers, heaters, and electric stoves in the house.

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For both three-phase and single-phase networks, the permitted power is indicated in the technical specifications. This can be 15 kW for both options, that is, the benefit of a three-phase network is not in power, but in the possibility of using an input cable of a smaller cross-section and reducing the load, since the current is distributed over 3 phases. Therefore, in a three-phase network, the rating of the input circuit breaker will be lower.

Example . To heat a country house that is not equipped with gas equipment, solid fuel and electric boilers are installed, the latter are safer and more convenient. For heating a house with an area of ​​100 sq.m. you need a boiler with a power of about 7-10 kW, an electric stove consumes another 3-5 kW. In total, it is necessary to increase the established electricity limit to a minimum of 15 kW and supply electricity in three phases.

The situation is completely different with an increase in power per residential apartment. According to current legislation, a corresponding application to increase the capacity of a private apartment must be submitted by the organization that manages the multi-apartment residential building in which the apartment is located. Accordingly, the registration of increasing the power of the apartment occurs according to the following algorithm:

To find out the allocated power for a private house or apartment, you need to contact the operating organization (in Moscow and the region - this is Mosenergosbyt OJSC). The help contains information about the allocated and average power consumption. It will be needed if you are preparing documents for an increase; this will be discussed in detail below.

• when a private house is dilapidated, the volume of electricity increases by 1.2-1.5 times;
• for a household in a village - plus 90;
• during the heating season, if electricity is used to heat the household - plus 3000;
• if the house has a stove - plus 43;
• if there is an electric water heating device - plus 100.

After approval, the electrical grid organization issues the owner of the parking space with technical conditions for connecting additional capacities. Next, it is necessary to carry out electrical installation work to connect the applicant’s electrical installation, in accordance with these technical conditions. After completing the work, a representative of the network organization will inspect this electrical installation to determine its compliance with technical conditions, as well as current standards and regulations. Based on the results of the inspection, if there are no comments from the representative of the network organization, the applicant will receive a set of documents, namely: a certificate of compliance with technical conditions, a certificate of admission of the metering device into operation, a certificate of technological connection. Next, you need to submit the received documents to the energy sales organization to make changes to the energy supply agreement.

As a rule, all the necessary information is indicated on a sticker affixed to the equipment body or is given in the documentation. If the sticker has become unreadable and the technical data sheet has been lost, you can use the table that shows the typical active power of household equipment.

If the total housing area exceeds 60 sq.m., the calculation load increases with each additional square meter by 1%. In this case, wiring should only be laid in baseboards, walls or ceilings or non-combustible materials. Standards for allocating electricity limits for a house or apartment are necessary for those who plan to change wiring or install automatic circuit breakers to protect against power surges. It is better to entrust the work to professionals, this way you can avoid possible problems in the future.

To find out the allocated power for a private house or apartment, you need to contact the operating organization (in Moscow and the region - this is Mosenergosbyt OJSC). The help contains information about the allocated and average power consumption. It will be needed if you are preparing documents for an increase; this will be discussed in detail below.

What are the dangers of exceeding the permitted power?

Example of a consumer notice

Based on Government Decree of the Russian Federation No. 624, if the maximum load is exceeded, the electric company has the right to limit the consumer’s access to the power grid. The reason is non-compliance with obligations under the electricity supply contract.

In case of accidents or during work on the power line, Energosbyt employees take measurements. In cases where inaccuracies are identified, they send notifications. The user must take measures to eliminate excess power within 10 days. The degree of his responsibility is determined by the violation:

• ignoring the notification after 10 days – turning off the power supply to the facility;
• connection bypassing the line - charging a fine, recalculating the power according to the maximum indicator from the moment of inspection, connecting to the public network at the expense of the violator;
• non-contractual use – fine for lack of agreement, recalculation based on normal power indicator.

The basis for termination of sanctions is documentary evidence of the adoption of measures. However, UOMPE, CCD and PZR devices are installed on the user line.

The act of non-registration is drawn up in the presence of 2 witnesses, with photos and video recording of the process.

Rules and regulations

Seal on the introductory machine

Electrification of residential, administrative, and industrial facilities is carried out on the basis of the specifications of the provider organization. One of the clauses of the contract specifies how much power will be allocated to the consumer network. The basis for declaring power and forming technical specifications are calculations.

Electrical connection to residential and public buildings is carried out in accordance with SP 31-110-2003 and temporary instructions RM 2696-01. The documents state that the allocated electrical power for houses that consume electricity of the 1st category is not standardized. Objects are connected based on requests.

Housing stock of the 2nd category has two electrification standards:

• from 5 to 7 kilowatts is the norm for a private house or apartment where gas stoves are installed;
• from 8 to 11 kW - for objects where there is an electric stove.

The least amount of power falls on a small-sized apartment and a house built under the social housing program.

Currently, the standards from 2006 are in effect. In buildings before this period, the power output is much lower.

Electrical energy consumption standards 2021

It is not always possible to install residential electricity meters. If there is no technical possibility, then consumption standards established by regional authorities will be used to calculate the cost of utility services. This is an average figure and does not always correspond to real figures.

It must be taken into account that if it is impossible to install a meter for technical reasons and there is an inspection report, then citizens pay according to the standard. If they simply do not want to install it, increasing factors are applied and the payment for electricity consumption becomes higher every year. It is usually impossible to install meters in dilapidated and unsafe houses. Therefore, they will not be affected by the tariff increase.

It is possible to reduce electricity consumption by following a few simple rules. Citizens themselves are interested in reducing energy consumption; they take care not only of their money, but also of natural resources. Therefore, it is enough to know that they consume significantly less energy:

Please note that if the meter fails, three months are given to replace it, during which the fee for the resource will be calculated based on the average consumption for the previous three months. From the fourth month, if the device is not replaced, the consumption standard will be applied, which will cost the consumer significantly more.

• Federal Law No. 614 “On the procedure for establishing and applying social norms for the consumption of electrical energy”;
• Federal Law No. 35 “On Electric Power Industry”;
• Federal Law No. 261 “On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and on introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”;
• regional regulations establishing the resource standard per person living in a residential building and the rules for applying the social norm.

After several years of use, aluminum wire loses its ductility and therefore old wires become brittle and break. Also, aluminum can be destroyed when moisture gets on a (live) wire. These properties of aluminum wires used for electrical wiring are very dangerous. This is why new wiring should be done using copper wires, since they are much higher quality and can withstand a much greater load.

• Electrical wiring is installed only in accordance with regulated PUE standards.
• Electricity supply to an apartment or a detached residential building is carried out from networks with a voltage of 220/380 V.
• The maximum permitted power in a private house is calculated by the future resident and has no restrictions unless the local administration has established its own standards.

Electrification of residential, administrative, and industrial facilities is carried out on the basis of the specifications of the provider organization. One of the clauses of the contract specifies how much power will be allocated to the consumer network. The basis for declaring power and forming technical specifications are calculations.

The second - in the event that there is no meter, accounting is carried out according to the standard established by law , namely paragraph 33 of Government Decree No. 614 of July 22, 2013, which reads: “In the absence of an individual, common (apartment) or room metering device when calculating fees for utility service for electricity supply to the volume of electrical energy consumption determined on the basis of the consumption standards of the utility service for electricity supply, the social norm is applied with a reducing factor “K”, with the exception of cases where the consumer provides an inspection report confirming the lack of technical feasibility of installing a meter in the corresponding residential premises.

Based on para. 7 clause 2 of Rule No. 861, the maximum installed electrical power is the largest amount of power that can be allocated by the electricity provider. It is measured in kilowatts, taken into account by common house and apartment appliances, and paid according to the established tariff. But in some cases, the power is not enough, and consumers begin to think about increasing it through legal means.

A simple example, 96 kW/h * 1.1 = 105.6 kW/h - this will be the summer social norm for a Donetsk resident living alone. Accordingly, in the months when air conditioning is not needed, the social norm will be adjusted downwards. All registered citizens are taken into account in the calculations.

Preferential tariffs for low-income families or for rural areas are calculated at rates below cost. However, wealthy people who consume electricity in higher volumes pay at the same tariffs. As a result, the state helps wealthy citizens more than low-income groups of people.

• if the existing Rules are supplemented with appropriate amendments;
• if the characteristics of the room or climatic conditions change;
• there is a need to initiate recalculation using the analogue method if a previously fixed value was determined using a formula.

For example, if the average electricity consumption in an apartment with a gas stove installed inside reaches 100 kW/h, then with an electric stove this figure will be 150 kW/h; a water heater will reduce this figure to 120 kW/h. All these numerical values ​​correspond to only one person. A larger number of residents automatically reduces the norm per person.

• the number of persons registered in the residential premises - permanently and temporarily;
• type of residential premises - from its location (in the city or rural area), equipment with stationary electric stoves, electric heating and electric heating installations;
• from classifying residential premises as emergency or dilapidated housing stock;
• from living in residential premises by pensioners (disabled people) living alone or families of pensioners.

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How to find out how much power is allocated

Operating current parameters

You can find out reliably how many kilowatts there are per apartment with a gas or electric stove in this way:

• Contact your energy provider for help. The service is paid, depending on the region. A certificate from Mosenergosbyt, for example, depending on the type of object, costs 1.3-3.1 thousand rubles.
• Find the data in the electricity supply contract or technical specifications.

Independent calculations are made based on the parameters of the input protection device. The user needs to know the operating current and then perform mathematical calculations. For example, the operating current indicator is 32 A. To calculate the maximum load limit, the formula is used: P max = U x I nom x 0.8; where U is the rated network voltage. That is, 230 x 32 x 0.8 ≈ 5.5 kW.

Calculations based on meter readings are not always correct due to the built-in load relay.

Calculation of required power

Calculations are made if it is necessary to determine whether the allocated volume is sufficient. The maximum load is calculated as the sum of all devices turned on at the same time. If the registration certificate is lost or the sticker on the equipment is worn out, you should refer to the data in the table.

Having calculated the amount of consumption, you need to indicate a reserve when the load increases. The devices will consume 20-30% more than the calculated value. The sum of the two indicators is the final result. If the estimated power is lower than declared, you can apply for an additional 1-3 kW.

How many kilowatts can the wiring in the apartment withstand?

Cable power table depending on cross-section

Under ideal conditions, a standard copper conductor with a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 can withstand a load of 5.9 kW, and an aluminum conductor - 4.4 kW.

Under operating conditions, aluminum conductors of old houses with a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 can withstand 3.5 kW at a current of 16 A. APPVs of 6 mm2 do not burn out at a load of 5.5 kW and a current of 25 A. Wires with a cross-section of 4 mm2 will withstand 4, 4 kW at current 25 A.

According to the rules of the PUE, a three-core copper wire with a cross-section of 1.5 mm2 must withstand a maximum permissible load of 5.9 kW. 4 mm2 cable – 8.3 kW with a current of 28 A. Conductor with a cross-section of 6 mm2 with a current of 46 A – 10.1 kW.

How to increase allocated power

The power of electricity in an apartment or private house can be increased based on new technical conditions. The document is valid for 2 years. It states:

• new permitted power indicators;
• voltage parameters – 380 or 220 V;
• environmental standards;
• ways to control the consumption and conservation of electricity.

Features of treatment for individuals and legal organizations vary.

For individuals

Fragment of a standard act of delineation of book value

Additional power must be installed in stages:

1. Collection of documents - a certificate or agreement on real estate ownership, a certificate with current power parameters, an agreement with an energy supplier, an act of shared operational responsibility.
2. Implementation of a building electrification scheme.
3. Agreeing with the provider company on the possibility of increasing power.
4. Signing of the project at Energonadzor.
5. Inspection – The power plant is inspected and tested.
6. Drawing up a report and approval for increasing the power load. The first document is prepared by an employee of the energy company, the second by a representative of Energonadzor.

All documents are sent to the supplier company, which makes the final decision.

For legal entities and companies

The sequence of the procedure is similar to the algorithm for private users. Only the documents differ. An ordinary citizen presents a passport, and a legal entity presents constituent papers. They are certified with a wet round seal and the signature of an authorized person.

If the technical connection papers do not contain information about the maximum power parameters or they were lost, the network enterprise has the right to re-register. It is implemented on the basis of a consumer application in the form established by the organization. The electricity supplier, according to Regulation No. 861, should not expand the list of documents and request additional data.