SMD capacitors without marking, how to determine: capacitance, rating, designation of SDM capacitors

In the manufacture of almost any radio crafts, resistors are used. I think there is no need to explain what it is and how it works, and the purpose of this article is somewhat different. I would like to focus on the standard sizes of SMD resistors, and in addition to indicating the dimensions, mention their designation, that is, markings and power dissipation. All these are important parameters, because how do you know what to order for a project, and besides, be sure that the transistor will withstand the current passing through it. Well, this is where the introduction ends and the substance of the material begins.

Let's immediately turn to the table; it seems to me that this is the most valuable material.

Electrolytic

These surface mount components consist of:

• Aluminum cylindrical body, with a diameter from 4 to 10 mm and a height from 5.4 to 10.5 mm;
• Two sheets of thin foil, separated by paper soaked in electrolyte and rolled into a small roll;
• Two contacts (terminals) that are perpendicular to the centerline of the component. Since electrolytic SMD drives are polar, a negative potential is connected to one of the contacts, indicated by a special strip at the end of the case, and a positive potential is connected to the second.
• A mounting pad designed to secure a component to a work surface.

Various models of these components, rated from 1 to 1000-150 μF, are capable of operating at voltages from 4 to 1000 V.

Passive components: Electrolytic capacitors

TYPE:	Type Explanation:
S.E.	Aluminum Capacitor Aluminum capacitor (polar component)
Case diameter	Case height	Tape width	Component pitch in the ribbon	Qty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape	Qty per standard pack (330 mm/13 inches) plastic tape
3 mm	5.5 mm	12 mm	8 mm	100	2000
4 mm	5.5 mm	12 mm	8 mm	100	2000
5 mm	5.5 mm	12 mm	12 mm	100	1000
6.3 mm	5.5 mm	16 mm	12 mm	100	1000
8 mm	6 mm	16 mm	12 mm	100	1000
8 mm	10 mm	24 mm	16 mm	100	500
10 mm	10 mm	24 mm	16 mm	100	300 — 500
10 mm	14 - 22 mm	32 mm	20 mm	—	250 — 300
12.5 mm	14 mm	32 mm	24 mm	—	200 — 250
12.5 mm	17 mm	32 mm	24 mm	—	150 — 200
12.5 mm	22 mm	32 mm	24 mm	—	125 — 150
16 mm	17 mm	44 mm	28 mm	—	125 — 150
16 mm	22 mm	44 mm	28 mm	—	75 — 100
18 mm	17 mm	44 mm	32 mm	—	125 — 150
18 mm	22 mm	44 mm	32 mm	—	75 — 100
20 mm	17 mm	44 mm	36 mm	—	50

Resistors

Passive Components: Resistors

TYPE:	Type Explanation:
S.R.	Resistor Chip Resistor chip
Size (inches)	Size(mm)	Component Thickness	Tape width	Component pitch in the ribbon	Quantity in standard packaging (180 mm/7 inches) paper tape	Qty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
01005	0402	0.12 mm ± 0.02	8 mm	2 mm	20000	—
0201	0603	0.23 mm ± 0.03	8 mm	2 mm	15000	—
0402	1005	0.35 mm ± 0.05	8 mm	2 mm	10000	—
0603	1608	0.45 mm ± 0.1	8 mm	4 mm	5000	—
0805	2012	0.55 mm ± 0.1	8 mm	4 mm	5000	—
1206	3216	0.55 mm ± 0.15	8 mm	4 mm	5000	—
1210	3225	0.55 mm ± 0.15	8 mm	4 mm	5000	4000
2010	5025	0.55 mm ± 0.15	8/12 mm	4/8 mm	—	4000
2512	6332	0.55 mm ± 0.15	12 mm	4/8 mm	—	4000/2000

Passive Components: Resistors

TYPE:	Type Explanation:
SRM	Melf Resistor Melf resistor (round)
Size (inches)	Name	Component size	Tape width	Component pitch in the ribbon	Qty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
0604	—	1.6 mm X 1.0 mm	8 mm	4 mm	3000
0805	Micro	2.2 mm X 1.1 mm	8 mm	4 mm	3000
1206	Mini	3.2 mm X 1.6 mm	8 mm	4 mm	3000
1406	Mini	3.5 mm X 1.4 mm	8 mm	4 mm	3000
2308	Melf	5.9 mm X 2.2 mm	12 mm	4 mm	1500

Ceramic components

In ceramic elements, porcelain or similar inorganic materials are used as a dielectric. The main advantage of such products is their resistance to high temperatures and the ability to produce products of extremely small sizes.

Important! SMD ceramic capacitors are also installed by soldering onto a printed circuit board.

Visually, such an element, as a rule, resembles a small brick to which contact pads are soldered at the ends.

Ceramic SMD capacitors

Unlike radio components of standard sizes, SMD elements of small size are first glued to the board, and only then the leads are soldered. In production, ceramic products of this type are installed by special automatic machines.

Marking of ceramic SMD capacitors

Small ceramic SMD capacitors are marked with an alphanumeric code consisting of 3 characters. The first indicates the minimum operating temperature, for example:

• Z - from 10 °C;
• Y - from −30 °С;
• X - from 55 °C.

Marking of SMD capacitors
The second symbol indicates the upper limit of heating of the radio component:

• 2 - up to 45 °C;
• 4 - up to 65 °C;
• 5 - up to 85 °C;
• 6 - up to 105 °C;
• 7 - up to 125 °C;
• 8 - up to 150 °C;
• 9 - up to 200 °C.

The third character indicates the accuracy of the electronic component:

• A - up to ± 1.0%;
• B - up to ± 1.5%;
• C - up to ± 2.2%;
• D - up to ± 3.3%;
• E - up to ± 4.7%;
• F - up to ± 7.5%;
• P - up to ± 10%;
• R - up to ± 15%;
• S - up to ± 22%;
• T - up to ± 33%;
• U - up to ± 56%;
• V - up to ± 82%.

The capacity of small ceramic SMD capacitors is indicated in picofarads. To save the area of ​​a small radio element, the main mantissa number is encoded in a letter of the Latin alphabet. The table below provides a complete list of such designations.

Table with encoded characters

After the number, the multiplier is indicated, for example, the designation on a ceramic capacitor X3 means that the capacitor has a capacity of 7.5 * 10 ^ 3 Pf.

Note! The code indicating the capacity of a ceramic SMD capacitor may be preceded by a Latin letter, which indicates the brand of the manufacturer of the electronic component.

If the area of ​​this type of ceramic capacitor is large enough, then the dielectric type can be displayed on it. For this purpose the following are used:

• NP0. The dielectric constant of such an element is at an extremely low level. The main advantage of components of this type is their good resistance to sudden temperature changes. The disadvantage of elements that use this type of dielectric is their high price;
• X7R. Average quality dielectric. Products that use this type of insulator do not have excellent breakdown resistance characteristics, but in the average temperature range they are able to work significantly longer than many more expensive elements;
• Z5U. A dielectric with high electrical permeability values, but the downside of this indicator is that the capacitance error is too large;
• Y5V. The insulating material has approximately the same characteristics as Z5U. In terms of cost, this dielectric is the cheapest, so electrical components made on its basis are sold at the lowest prices.

You may be interested in this. What is the unit of measurement for current?

Burnt SMD capacitor

Considering all of the above, you can be sure that if the SMD capacitor has not burned or changed the color of the surface for other reasons, then you can always determine its value by the markings on its body.

Passive Components: Capacitors

TYPE:	Type Explanation:
S.C.	Ceramic Chip Capacitor Ceramic chip capacitor
Size (inches)	Size(mm)	Component Thickness	Tape width	Component pitch in the ribbon	Quantity in standard packaging (180 mm/7 inches) paper tape	Qty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
01005	0402	0.2 mm ± 0.03	8 mm	2 mm	20000	—
0201	0603	0.3 mm ± 0.03	8 mm	2 mm	15000	—
0402	1005	0.5 mm ± 0.1	8 mm	2 mm	10000	—
0603	1608	0.8 mm ± 0.1	8 mm	4 mm	4000	—
0805	2012	0.6 – 1.25 mm	8 mm	4 mm	4000	3000
1206	3216	0.6 – 1.25 mm	8 mm	4 mm	4000	3000
1210	3225	1.25 mm – 1.5 mm	8 mm	4 mm	—	3000
1812	4532	2 mm (Max.)	12 mm	8 mm	—	1000
2225	5664	2 mm (Max.)	12 mm	8 mm	—	1000

Yageo Ceramic Chip Capacitors

It is difficult to find a modern electronic device without ceramic chip capacitors. They are used in circuits where good frequency response, small size, low losses, low leakage currents and long-term stability are required. The development of technology has made it possible to implement ceramic chip capacitors with a capacity of 100 μF or more, which allows them to replace electrolytic or tantalum capacitors, reduce the size of components, improve the stability of parameters and increase the service life of the device. The type of dielectric of a chip capacitor characterizes the accuracy and stability of its parameters. The most common types of dielectrics are NP0, X7R, X5R, Y5V. Dependences illustrating the change in capacitance as a function of temperature for three types of dielectric NP0, X7R and Y5V are shown in Figure 1.

Rice. 1. Dependence of the capacitance of chip capacitors on temperature for different dielectrics

From the graphs in Figure 1 it is clearly seen that chip capacitors with an NP0 dielectric have the best stability of parameters (the capacitance practically does not change in the temperature range from -55 to 125°C). The maximum changes in capacitance are typical for capacitors with a Y5V dielectric. In the temperature range from -40 to 85°C, the change in capacity reaches 80%. Such capacitors may have high capacitance values, but low stability of parameters. The X7R dielectric provides intermediate stability of capacitance between NP0 and X7R (the change in capacitance in the temperature range from -55 to 125°C is about 10%). All capacitors with the most popular types of dielectrics considered are widely used. They differ in price and overall dimensions for the same capacitance values ​​and rated voltage. The main parameters of the most common series of Yageo chip capacitors are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1. Main parameters of YAGEO chip capacitors

Name	Properties	Capacity range	Voltage range, V	Dimensions*
NP0	General use	0.22 pF…33 nF	16…25	0201, 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, 1210
	General use	0.22 pF…390 pF	50	0201, 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 1812
	Medium voltage	10 pF…22 nF	100…630	0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 1808, 1812
	High voltage	10 pF…2.7 nF	1000, 2000, 3000, 4000	1206, 1210, 1808, 1812
	Microwave	0.47 pF…120 pF	50	0603, 0805, 1206
	High frequency	0.22 pF…10 pF	50	0402, 0603
X7R	General purpose and high capacity	100 pF…22 µF	6,3…50	0201, 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 1812
	Medium voltage	100 pF…470 nF	100…630	0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 1808, 1812
	High voltage	100 pF…33 nF	1000…3000	1206, 1210, 1808, 1812
	With low inductance	10 nF…220 nF	10…50	0306, 0508, 0612
X5R	General purpose and high capacity	10 nF…100 µF	6,3…50	0201, 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 1812
Y5V	General purpose and high capacity	10 nF…47 µF	6,3…50	0201, 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, 1210
* – see table 2 for size description.

From Table 1 it can be seen that capacitors with dielectric NP0 (C0G) have a maximum capacitance value of 33 nF. The capacitance of capacitors with dielectric X7R and Y5V reaches 22 and 47 μF, respectively. The X5R dielectric series contains a capacitance rating of 100 µF. Capacitors with an NP0 dielectric are used in precision circuits, since in the operating range the capacitance is practically independent of temperature. The X7R dielectric has predictable temperature, frequency and time parameters. The Y5V (Z5V) dielectric has a high dielectric constant, but has low stability of parameters in the operating temperature range, so such capacitors are used in general-purpose circuits (most often as filtering or decoupling capacitors).

The names of different types of dielectrics are determined by standards. For example, EIA 198-1;-2;-3 standards divide the names of dielectrics according to temperature characteristics into two classes. Chip capacitors belonging to the first class have higher accuracy parameters, measured in ppm (one part per million). The stability of the parameters of second class capacitors is measured as a percentage of the nominal capacitance value. This is explained in Figure 2 with a breakdown of the types of dielectrics of chip capacitors.

Rice. 2. Decoding the types of dielectrics of chip capacitors

From Figure 2 it becomes clear where the names of common dielectrics given in Table 1 came from:

X7R - operating temperature range -55...125°С, permissible capacity deviation 15% at 25°С;

X5R - operating temperature range -55...85°С, permissible capacity deviation 15% at 25°С;

Y5V - operating temperature range -30...85°C, permissible capacity deviation +22/-82% at 25°C.

In addition to conventional chip capacitors, Yageo produces capacitors with low equivalent resistance (Low ESR). Low ESR capacitors are produced in chip packages with “reverse” sizes 0306, 0508, 0612. This is explained in Table 2, which shows the correspondence between inch and metric sizes for standard and Low ESR chip capacitors.

Table 2. Metric and inch sizes of YAGEO chip capacitors

Case dimensions		Dimensions, mm
inch	metric	L1	W	L2; L3 (min)	L2; L3 (max)	L4 (min)
Chip capacitors series with standard sizes
0201	0603M	0,6	0,3	0,1	0,2	0,2
0402	1005M	1,0	0,5	0,2	0,3	0,4
0603	1608M	1,6	0,8	0,2	0,6	0,4
0805	2012M	2,0	1,25	0,25	0,75	0,55
1206	3216M	3,2	1,6	0,25	0,75	1,4
1210	3225M	3,2	2,5	0,25	0,75	1,4
1808	4520M	4,5	2,0	0,25	0,75	2,2
1812	4532M	4,5	3,2	0,25	0,75	2,2
Low ESR Chip Capacitors
0306	0816M	0,8	1,6	0,1	0,3	0,2
0508	1220M	1,25	2,0	0,13	0,46	0,38
0612	1632M	1,6	3,2	0,13	0,46	0,5

Please note that Low ESR capacitors have a different pin layout. It is this design that reduces the equivalent series resistance.

For circuits in which capacitors operate at high frequencies, it is necessary to take into account the frequency dependence of the change in capacitance and ESR. Figure 3 shows for comparison typical frequency dependences of capacitance and ESR for ceramic (MLCC) and tantalum chip capacitors at different temperatures. For ceramic capacitors, the capacitance remains virtually unchanged. For tantalum capacitors, the decrease in capacitance begins already at frequencies of about 100 kHz. An even more contrasting comparison is observed in the ESR dependences for tantalum and ceramic capacitors of similar capacity (see graphs on the right side of Figure 3). At high frequencies, the equivalent series resistance of ceramic capacitors is tens of times less, which gives them an undeniable advantage over tantalum capacitors.

Rice. 3. Dependencies of changes in capacitance and ESR for ceramic and tantalum capacitors

In some circuits, ceramic chip capacitors can successfully replace tantalum and electrolytic capacitors. However, the significantly better frequency properties and the permissibility of significantly larger ripples of ceramic capacitors make replacement with complete matching of capacitance ratings and operating voltage unjustified. For example, for the same suppression of ripple with a frequency of 1 MHz with a 10 µF tantalum capacitor and a ceramic capacitor, the capacitance of the ceramic one can be reduced by 5...10 times and use values ​​of 1.0...2.2 µF. This saves space on the printed circuit board and increases the service life of the circuit. The low ESR level allows ceramic capacitors to be loaded much more heavily despite their significantly smaller dimensions, which eliminates overheating at higher overload voltages. This is especially important for smoothing capacitors in switching power supplies, since pulses with significantly higher than rated values ​​may appear during startup and shutdown. High capacitance values ​​of chip capacitors are achieved for X5R and Y5V dielectrics, which do not have very high stability of parameters, but for smoothing and decoupling capacitors this is not critical.

The designation system for YAGEO ceramic chip capacitors is shown in Figure 4.

Rice. 4. YAGEO ceramic chip capacitor designation system

Description and purpose of tantalum capacitors

Modern tantalum capacitors are small in size and belong to chip components that are designed for mounting on a board. Otherwise, such parts are called SMD, which stands for “surface mount components.” SMD parts are convenient for automated mounting and soldering processes on printed circuit boards.

The main purpose of electrolytic polarized tantalum capacitors is to act in conjunction with a resistor to process the signal and smooth out its peaks and sharp pulses.

Capacitors are widely used in automotive, industrial, digital, and aerospace applications.

Main parameters of tantalum capacitors

To determine a safe operating mode, it is necessary to calculate the levels of permitted current and voltage values. For calculations, you need to know the following parameters of tantalum capacitors, which are reflected in the documentation:

• Nominal capacity.
  These devices have high specific capacitance, which can be thousands of microfarads.
• Rated voltage.
  Modern models of these devices are mostly designed for voltages up to 75 V. Moreover, for normal operation in an electrical circuit, the part must be used at voltages that are less than the nominal one. Operating tantalum capacitors at voltages up to 50% of the rated voltage reduces the failure rate to 5%.
• Impedance (total resistance).
  Contains inductive component, parallel resistance, series equivalent resistance (ESR).
• Maximum power dissipation.
  When AC voltage is applied to a tantalum device, heat is generated. The permissible increase in the temperature of the capacitor due to the released power is established experimentally.

Marking of tantalum capacitors

The markings of capacitors indicate standard parameters: capacitance, rated voltage, polarity. On cases of types B, C, D, E, V, all parameters are displayed, and on case of type A, instead of the voltage rating, its letter code is indicated. The marking may indicate additional information - the manufacturer’s logo, production date code, etc.

Voltage Code Table for Type A Enclosures

Rated voltage	Code	Rated voltage	Code
4,0	G	20	D
6,3	J	25	E
10	A	35	V
16	C	50	T

Types of tantalum capacitor housings and their sizes

Tantalum capacitors

Passive components: Tantalum capacitors

TYPE:	Type Explanation:
SD	Molded Tantalum Tantalum capacitor (polar component)
Size (inches)	Code	Component Thickness	Component size	Tape width	Component pitch in the ribbon	Qty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
3216	A	1.6 mm	3.2 mm X 1.6 mm	8 mm	4 mm	2000
3528	B	1.9 mm	3.5 mm X 2.8 mm	8 mm	4 mm	2000
6032	C	2.5 mm	6.0 mm X 3.2 mm	12 mm	8 mm	500
7343	D	2.8 mm	7.3 mm X 4.3 mm	12 mm	8 mm	500
1608	J	0.8 mm	1.6 mm X 0.8 mm	8 mm	4 mm	4000
2012	P/R	1.2 mm	2.0 mm X 1.2 mm	8 mm	4 mm	2500/3000

Types of SMD capacitors

Every radio amateur needs to understand the types of capacitors mounted using the surface-mount method. Such products may differ not only in capacity, but also in voltage, so ignoring the conditions for using parts can lead to their failure.

You might be interested in Features of measuring illumination in lux

Electrolytic components

Electrolytic SMD capacitors do not differ fundamentally from standard products. Such electronic components most often take the form of barrels, in which a thin metal rolled into a cylinder is located under an aluminum housing, and a solid or liquid electrolyte is located between it.

Electrolytic SMD capacitors

The main difference between such a part and a standard electrolytic cell is that its contacts are mounted on a flat dielectric substrate. Such products are very reliable in operation, especially convenient when it is necessary to install a new product with minimal time investment. In addition, during soldering the product does not overheat, which is very important for electrolytic capacitors.

Ceramic components

In ceramic elements, porcelain or similar inorganic materials are used as a dielectric. The main advantage of such products is their resistance to high temperatures and the ability to produce products of extremely small sizes.

Important! SMD ceramic capacitors are also installed by soldering onto a printed circuit board.

Visually, such an element, as a rule, resembles a small brick to which contact pads are soldered at the ends.

Ceramic SMD capacitors

Unlike radio components of standard sizes, SMD elements of small size are first glued to the board, and only then the leads are soldered. In production, ceramic products of this type are installed by special automatic machines.

Marking of tantalum SMD capacitors

Tantalum SMD capacitors are resistant to increased mechanical loads. Such products can also be made in the form of a small parallelepiped, to which contact leads are soldered on the sides. Tantalum is a very durable metal with high ductility. Foil made of this material can have a thickness of hundredths of a millimeter.

For your information! Due to the presence of certain physical properties based on tantalum, it is possible to produce radio components of the highest precision.

Tantalum capacitors

Tantalum capacitors, as a rule, have small housing sizes, so it is not always possible to apply full markings to products made in an “A” size housing. Knowing the designation features of radio components of this type, you can easily determine the rating of the product. The maximum permissible voltage in volts for tantalum products is indicated in Latin letters:

• G - 4;
• J - 6.3;
• A - 10;
• C - 16;
• D - 20;
• E - 25;
• V - 35;
• T - 50.

Note! The capacitance of products is indicated in microfarads after the letter “μ”, and the positive contact is indicated with a thick line.

Dimensions and types of SMD component housings

Two-pin components: rectangular, passive (resistors and capacitors)

The size designation consists of four digits. The first two correspond roundly to the length L in the accepted measurement system (either metric or inch), and the last two correspond to the width W.

Size (inch system)	Size (Metric)	Size(mm)
008004	0201	0.25×0.125
009005	03015	0.3×0.15
01005	0402	0.4×0.2
0201	0603	0.6×0.3
0402	1005	1.0×0.5
0603	1608	1.6×0.8
0805	2012	2.0×1.25
1008	2520	2.5×2.0
1206	3216	3.2×1.6
1210	3225	3.2×2.5
1806	4516	4.5×1.6
1812	4532	4.5×3.2
1825	4564	4.5×6.4
2010	5025	5.0×2.5
2512	6332	6.3×3.2
2725	6863	6.9×6.3
2920	7451	7.4×5.1

Two-pin components: cylindrical, passive (resistors and diodes) in MELF package

frame	dimensions (mm) and other parameters
Melf (MMB) 0207	L = 5.8 mm, Ø = 2.2 mm, 1.0 W, 500 V
MiniMelf (MMA) 0204	L = 3.6 mm, Ø = 1.4 mm, 0.25 W, 200 V
MicroMelf (MMU) 0102	L = 2.2 mm, Ø = 1.1 mm, 0.2 W, 100 V

Two-terminal components: tantalum capacitors

type	dimensions (mm)
A (EIA 3216-18)	3,2 × 1,6 × 1,6
B (EIA 3528-21)	3,5 × 2,8 × 1,9
C (EIA 6032-28)	6,0 × 3,2 × 2,2
D (EIA 7343-31)	7,3 × 4,3 × 2,4
E (EIA 7343-43)	7,3 × 4,3 × 4,1

Two-terminal components: diodes (small outline diode, abbr. SOD)

designation	dimensions (mm)
SOD-323	1,7 × 1,25 × 0,95
SOD-123	2,68 × 1,17 × 1,60

Three-Terminal Components: Short Terminal Transistors (SOT)

designation	dimensions (mm)
SOT-23	3 × 1,75 × 1,3
SOT-223	6,7 × 3,7 × 1,8
DPAK (TO-252)	package (three- or five-pin options) designed by Motorola for high-heat semiconductor devices
D2PAK (TO-263)	package (three-, five-, six-, seven- or eight-pin options), similar to DPAK, but larger in size (as a rule, the package dimensions correspond to the TO220 dimensions)
D3PAK (TO-268)	body similar to D2PAK, but even larger in size

Multi-pin components: terminals in two lines on the sides

designation	pin spacing (mm)
IC - with small-outline integrated circuit (SOIC)	1,27
TSOP - (English thin small-outline package) thin SOIC (thinner in height than SOIC)	0,5
SSOP - Seated SOIC	0,65
TSSOP - Thin Seated SOIC	0,65
QSOP - Quarter Size SOIC	0,635
VSOP - even smaller QSOP	0.4; 0.5 or 0.65

Multi-pin components: terminals in four lines on the sides

designation	pin spacing (mm)
PLCC, CLCC - IC in a plastic or ceramic package with leads bent under the package in the form of the letter J	1,27
QFP - (English quad flat package) - square flat IC packages	different sizes
LQFP - low profile QFP	1.4mm high different sizes
PQFP - plastic QFP (44 or more pins)	different sizes
CQFP - ceramic QFP (similar to PQFP)	different sizes
TQFP - thinner than QFP	thinner than QFP
PQFN - power QFP	no leads, pad for radiator

Multi-Pin Components: Pin Array

designation	pin spacing (mm)
BGA - (English ball grid array) - an array of balls with square or rectangular pinouts	1,27
LFBGA - low profile FBGA, square or rectangular, solder balls	0,8
CGA - package with input and output pins made of refractory solder	different sizes
CCGA - Ceramic CGA	different sizes
μBGA - (micro-BGA) - ball array	distance between balls less than 1 mm
FCBGA - (English flip-chip ball grid array) an array of balls on a substrate, a crystal with a heat spreader is soldered to the substrate	different sizes
PBGA - ball array, crystal inside a plastic case	different sizes
LLP - leadless package	—

YAGEO ceramic chip resistors

Nowadays it is difficult to find an electronic circuit without surface mount resistors. Yageo produces a wide range of ceramic chip resistors for a wide variety of applications. Resistors are available in common housing sizes and meet the stringent requirements of modern electronic equipment. The main parameters of some of the most popular series of Yageo chip resistors are summarized in Table 3.

Table 3. Basic parameters of some series of Yageo chip resistors

Series	Name	Size	Pmax, W.	Vmax, V.	Temperature range, °С	R band	Accuracy, %	TKS**
R.C.	RC0100xR-07xxxxL	1005	1/32	15	-55…125	10 Ohm…1 MOhm	±5	±250 ppm/°C (10 Ohm…1 MOhm)
	RC0201xR-07xxxxL	0201	1/20	25		10 Ohm…10 MOhm	±1; ±5	-100/+350 ppm/°C (1 Ohm…10 Ohm) ±200 ppm/°C (10 Ohm…10 MOhm)
	RC0402xR-07xxxxL	0402	1/16	50	-55…155	1 Ohm…22 MOhm	±0,5; ±1; ±5	±200 ppm/°C (1 Ohm...10 Ohm) ±200 ppm/°C (10 MOhm...22 MOhm) ±100 ppm/°C (10 Ohm...10 MOhm)
	RC0603xR-07xxxxL	0603	1/10			1 Ohm…22 MOhm
	RC0805xR-07xxxxL	0805	1/8	150		1 Ohm…22 MOhm
	RC1206xR-07xxxxL	1206	1/4	200		1 Ohm…22 MOhm
	RC1210xR-07xxxxL	1210	1/2			1 Ohm…22 MOhm
	RC1218xK-07xxxxL	1218	1			1 Ohm…1 MOhm
	RC2010xK-07xxxxL	2010	3/4			1 Ohm…22 MOhm
	RC2512xK-07xxxxL	2512	1			1 Ohm…22 MOhm
	RC0805xR-7WxxxxL*	0805	1/4	150		1 Ohm…100 Ohm	±1; ±5	±200 ppm/°C
	RC1206xR-7WxxxxL*	1206	1/2	200		1 Ohm…100 Ohm
	RC2512xK-7WxxxxL*	2512	2			1 Ohm…150 Ohm
RT	RT0402xRx07xxxxL	0402	1/16	50	-55…125	10 Ohm…121 Ohm	±0,05; ±0,1; ±0,25; ±0,5; ±1	±10; ±15; ±25; ±50 ppm/°C
	RT0603xRx07xxxxL	0603	1/10	75		5.1 Ohm…681 kOhm
	RT0805xRx07xxxxL	0805	1/8	150		5.1 Ohm…1.5 MOhm
	RT1206xRx07xxxxL	1206	1/8	200		5.1 Ohm…1.5 MOhm
	RT1210xRx07xxxxL	1210	1/4			5.1 Ohm…1 MOhm
	RT2010xKx07xxxxL	2010	1/2			10 Ohm…1 MOhm
	RT2512xKx07xxxxL	2512	3/4			10 Ohm…1 MOhm
RV	RV0805JR-07xxxxL	0805	1/8	400	-55…155	100 kOhm…10 MOhm	±1; ±5	±200 ppm/°C (100 kOhm…10 MOhm)
	RV1206JR-07xxxxL	1206	1/4	500		100 kOhm…27 MOhm	±5	±200 ppm/°C (100 kOhm…27 MOhm)
	RV1206FR-07xxxxL	100 kOhm…10 MOhm	±1
	RV2512JK-07xxxxL	2512	1			4.7 MOhm…16 MOhm	±5	±200 ppm/°C (4.7 MΩ…16 MΩ)
*RC0805xR-7WxxxxL – new series of chip resistors are highlighted in red. **TCR – temperature coefficient of resistance for the range indicated in brackets.

Yageo chip resistors are designed to operate in the temperature ranges -55°C...125°C or -55°C...155°C and are available in package sizes from 1005 with a maximum power of 1/32 W to size 2512 with a power of up to 2 W . The RC series is designed for a wide range of applications. The RT series is distinguished by high accuracy of ratings and increased stability of parameters. The permissible voltage for the RC and RT series in housing sizes from 1206 is 200 V. The RV series is characterized by the presence of high-resistance resistors up to 27 MΩ and high permissible voltage values ​​up to 500 V (resistors in housing 0805 allow a maximum voltage of up to 400 V). The dimensions of standard packages of the RC series chip resistors are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Dimensions of thin-film chip resistors of the series

Type	L, mm	W, mm	N, mm	I1, mm	I2, mm
RC0100	0,4	0,2	0,13	0,1	0,1
RC0201	0,6	0,3	0,23	0,1	0,15
RC0402	1,0	0,5	0,32	0,2	0,25
RC0603	1,6	0,8	0,45	0,25	0,25
RC0805	2,0	1,25	0,5	0,35	0,35
RC1206	3,1	1,6	0,55	0,45	0,4
RC1210	3,1	2,6	0,5	0,45	0,5
RC1218	3,1	4,6	0,55	0,45	0,4
RC2010	5,0	2,5	0,55	0,55	0,5
RC2512	6,35	3,1	0,55	0,6	0,5

The designation system for Yageo chip resistors is shown in Figure 5.

Rice. 5. YAGEO chip resistor designation system

Of course, not every combination of letters and numbers in the designation system for resistors and capacitors will form the correct name (partnumber). The correctness of the name can be checked on the manufacturer’s website https://www.yageo.com/.

How to determine the capacitance, rating and voltage of SMD capacitors

Above, detailed information was provided on how to correctly determine the rating of SMD capacitors by marking. The main difficulty in performing such an operation is that the characters may be so small that they cannot be identified with the naked eye. In such a situation, it is recommended to use a magnifying glass or any other magnifying device with a suitable magnification, as well as install high-quality lighting in the place where such studies are carried out.

Radio amateur magnifier

Note! Sometimes the markings on the surface of the radio element are not readable or are completely missing, so every radio amateur should know how to determine the capacitance of an electrolytic capacitor without markings. To perform such work, you cannot do without a special measuring device.

How to determine the capacitance of an SMD capacitor without markings using a device

To obtain correct indicators, before starting to measure the capacitance of the capacitor, the radioelement must be completely discharged.

The voltage limit is measured on a capacitor, which is installed in an electronic circuit where the element can be safely connected to electrical voltage. After turning off the current source, measure the voltage at the contacts of the radio component. The resulting value in volts should be multiplied by 1.5 to obtain the exact value of this parameter.

Voltage can be measured with a cheap multimeter

SMD capacitors are very convenient for self-assembly of various circuits, and during automatic installation, thanks to them, it is possible to achieve maximum compactness in the arrangement of radio components. Knowing the principles of deciphering the designation of such elements, you can design and assemble even complex devices at home without any difficulty.

Sources

• https://amperof.ru/sovety-elektrika/sdm-kondensatory-bez-markirovki.html
• https://micpic.ru/spravochniki/159-razmery-smd-korpusov.html
• https://radio-magic.ru/smd-razmerj
• https://rusenergetics.ru/polezno-znat/smd-kondensatory-bez-markirovki-kak-opredelit
• https://www.RadioElementy.ru/articles/tantalovye-kondensatory/
• https://global-smt.ru/articles/surface-mount_technology/

Trimmer SMD resistors

Color coding of resistors

Products in this category are available in open and closed versions. Some models are equipped with a sealed housing to ensure long-term performance in conditions of high humidity (dust pollution of the atmosphere).

Trimmer SMD resistors in factory packaging

There is no single standard size for trimmer resistors. Manufacturers independently determine the labeling system and approve the rules with special regulations.