A triac voltage stabilizer is a modern device that allows you to save money on repairing expensive household appliances and reduces the cost of paying for electrical energy.
Due to the absence of mechanical relays in the design, the switching speed is significantly increased, and the operation of the device is characterized by noiselessness.
Advantages and disadvantages
Triac-type stabilizers are currently considered the most reliable, which makes it possible to provide various devices with maximum protection during any fluctuations in the electrical network.
The advantages of using such a stabilizer are presented:
- fast action of 10-20 ms;
- high output voltage accuracy within 1-2.5%;
- wide output voltage range within 145-275 V;
- stable input and output voltage control with an accuracy of 0.5%;
- the absence of mechanically movable parts inside the device, which makes the operation absolutely silent;
- long service life of fifteen years or more in continuous operation;
- no need to provide maintenance.
Incorrectly selected or low-quality devices are characterized by discrete changes in the winding switching process.
Despite the fact that the performance of the equipment in this case does not suffer, an unpleasant side effect will be frequent and noticeable blinking of the operating lighting fixtures.
Triac-type voltage stabilizers today are the most modern and optimal devices in terms of circuit design, due to their excellent functionality and increased reliability.
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An example of calculating a power supply for an LED strip is presented here.
What is the luminous flux of LED lamps and what is this parameter compared to incandescent lamps, see on this page.
Disadvantages of ET models offered on the market
Cheap models do not have special overload protection.
Despite the economical and well-developed design, electric power supplies have a number of disadvantages, which are usually classified as:
- lack of special overload protection in the simplest Chinese models;
- the resulting need for mandatory modification of the scheme;
- Many market samples do not have an input filter device, which forces them to add a smoothing electrolytic capacitor (it is placed after the “powerful” choke).
The listed disadvantages usually include the “hard” operating mode of high-voltage transistors connected according to a key circuit.
In the event of an accidental output short circuit (SC), these elements simply “burn out,” which leads to the need for an urgent update of the entire electronic module. Often, the rectifier based on semiconductor diodes also breaks down and also needs to be replaced.
Device
A design feature of triac-type stabilizers is the presence of the following mandatory components:
- an automatic transformer equipped with a pair of windings connected directly;
- controllers;
- power type keys.
The controllers regulate the input voltage by comparing the readings with the nominal values. This principle of operation allows the triac stabilizer to respond to any changes as quickly as possible.
Voltage stabilizer thyristor (triac) SUNTEK TT 10000 va low input voltage
It should be noted that the level of accuracy when leveling voltage indicators directly depends on the number of steps in the adjustment. With a minimum control step and a significant number of steps, a more accurate stabilization process is carried out.
Determining the type of protection
Today, stabilizers are divided into 2 main types:
- stationary devices for voltage stabilization, their installation is done for the whole house;
- portable models, they can stabilize the operation of just a few electrical devices.
Also, stabilizers for stationary use are divided into single-phase and three-phase, it all depends on the conditions in which they are planned to be used. In your house or apartment, it would be more appropriate to install and connect a stabilizer near the electricity distribution board; with this step you can prevent failures and overloads of the entire network.
Principle of operation
Despite the similarity of the blocks with other types of devices, such stabilizers have the best characteristics.
The operating principle of such a device is based on the functioning of a transformer with a step-down and step-up winding, as well as a microprocessor.
The stepwise operation of a triac stabilizer is represented by the following stages:
- carrying out microprocessor measurements of voltage within the network;
- microprocessor processing of the entire volume of measurement information;
- forming a decision on the need and method of converting the incoming signal;
- operation of the transformer winding in the mode of decreasing or increasing performance.
Triac stabilizers have an increased sensitivity to interference and a high response speed, due to which such a device is successfully used to effectively equalize voltage for a TV, Hi-Fi system and any other expensive equipment.
Triac voltage stabilizer - operating principle
Features of the operating principle are used when working not only with low mains voltage, but also with increased parameters. Among other things, the microprocessor is capable of logical processing of the entire volume of received information, which minimizes the risk of false positives.
Types of stabilizers
All industrial designs of such equipment can be divided into two large groups:
- electromechanical;
- pulsed.
Electromechanical
The operation of electromechanical devices is based on a servo drive, which is capable of changing the number of winding turns (and therefore the output voltage) by moving a conductive slider along a rheostat. Such devices are cheaper than all other models and have very good stabilization performance. However, they are more likely to break due to the presence of many mechanical parts.
But their main disadvantage is the response speed. Due to the fact that the drive does not move the current collector instantly, the stabilization delay can be up to 0.1 seconds, which is catastrophically long for devices that are sensitive to differences. In other words, such a stabilizer may simply not have time to protect modern electronics. In addition, due to the presence of mechanical parts, reproducing such a device at home is a non-trivial task.
Pulse
Stabilizers are called pulse stabilizers, the operation of which is based on the principle of accumulating current and distributing it to the consumer in fragments - pulses. These time intervals allow the system to accumulate the required current in the capacitors, and then provide stabilized power. Such devices also include devices whose operation is based on triacs and thyristors.
Such devices are more expensive than their electromechanical counterparts, but they are also much more reliable - there are no rubbing or moving parts, which means that, in fact, there is nothing to break. True, their stabilization indicators are worse - they are only capable of a proportional increase or decrease in input indicators. But the response speed is up to 20 milliseconds, and this is enough to protect even the most sensitive household electrical appliances. In addition, such a device can be assembled with your own hands, having the necessary skill and element base.
In addition to separation according to the principle of stabilization, there is a separation into single- and three-phase devices. But due to the fact that single-phase power is usually used at home, we do not take three-phase devices into account.
Do-it-yourself 220 V stabilizer circuit for home
Triac-type stabilizers function similarly to relay devices, and the significant difference is the presence of an element responsible for switching the transformer winding. The relay in this case is replaced by powerful triacs, which are controlled by controllers.
Winding control of triacs is non-contact, with no characteristic sound signals in the form of fairly loud clicks. Winding an automatic transformer involves the use of copper wire.
Voltage stabilizer circuit
The main components and tools required for self-assembly of the stabilizer are presented:
- power supply;
- a rectifier that measures the voltage amplitude;
- comparator;
- controller;
- amplification devices;
- light diodes;
- a unit for braking the load connection;
- automatic transformer;
- keys;
- fuse switch;
- household soldering iron and tweezers.
A standard printed circuit board measuring 11.5x9.0 cm is made using traditional foil-type fiberglass laminate, after which the layout of the elements printed on a laser MFP is transferred using an iron.
- magnetic circuit with a cross section of 187 mmVI;
- PEV-2 cable in the amount of three pieces for a winding with a number of turns of 8669 and a pair of windings with 522 turns.
At the final stage of assembling the voltage stabilizer, flashing light diodes are installed on the board.
Independent implementation of the simplest 220 V stabilizer involves connecting a non-electronic transformer to obtain output values that are approximately 11% higher than the standard mains voltage.
Comments:
Cherevaty
Informative article, thank you. The diagrams are detailed and easy to read. There will be something to do on vacation. I want to throw such a stabilizer under a homemade wind station that powers a light bulb in a gazebo. Do you think the scheme will work?
Gaivoronsky
I assembled everything according to the diagram - everything works, thanks to the author. I will continue to experiment with a soldering iron and printed circuit boards.
Slavon
Uff... Does anyone know where all the parts can be bought? So that in one place you don’t have to overpay for the delivery of one relay, otherwise the stabilizer will turn out to be more expensive than a store-bought one
Alex
Slavon, yes, all these parts are sold on any piece of hardware. Don't bother. In any case, they are cheaper on the market, and you can buy used ones (but only if they are Soviet) - so in general the price turns out to be a pittance
Oleg Kyiv
The language of presentation certainly deserves special attention.
Vyacheslav
How were you able to repeat the design if there is no data on the magnetic circuit for the T2 transformer?
Sergey
How to convert the divider to a voltage of 100-250 volts?
Which voltage stabilizer is better: relay or triac?
Triac-type devices are characterized by small housing sizes, and the level of compactness of such devices is quite comparable to electromechanical and relay-type models. The average cost of a triac device compared to high-quality relay similar devices is almost two to three times higher.
Relay stabilizer “Resanta 10000/1-ts”
Despite the excellent switching speed and the presence of a significant interval on the input voltages, any relay device is noisy during operation and is characterized by low accuracy.
Among other things, all relay stabilizers have some limitations on the power level, which is due to the inability of the contacts to switch very high currents.
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The most promising type of electronic stabilizers is currently represented by modern devices that operate under conditions of double conversion of mains voltage.
Apart from the high cost, such devices do not have serious disadvantages. That is why, when choosing a stabilizing device, if cost is not a decisive factor, it is advisable to give preference to devices completely assembled using high-quality semiconductors.
Homemade apparatus
A high-quality stabilizer for several kW and an output current of more than 10 amperes can be assembled based on an old transformer installed in a welding machine. However, such a “blank” is not easy to find. Moreover, the current technology is suitable for subsequent use for its intended purpose. For reproduction at home without professional skills, the circuit presented below on electronic components is suitable. It will provide:
- prompt correction of output parameters with a switching speed of no more than 8-12 milliseconds;
- operating input voltage range 125-265 V;
- power of connected consumers up to 5.5 kW.
Electrical and wiring diagram, printed circuit board
Advantages of a homemade device
In addition to good technical parameters, the following advantages should be noted:
- reasonable costs;
- the ability to independently perform repair operations.
Flaws
The consumer parameters of the product largely depend on the assembly. In this case, it is assumed that there are no well-developed skills and professional installation (measuring) equipment. On the other hand, careful execution of individual work operations will help control quality more thoroughly than the actions of third-party contractors.
Differences from factory models
Modern production is characterized by a high level of automation. This reduces the harmful influence of the “human factor” and reduces costs. With the use of professional technologies it is easier to ensure a perfect appearance. However, when creating a homemade product, you can use unique technical and aesthetic solutions.
Accessories
Main components (functional components):
- transformer power supply with diode temperature compensation and comparator;
- rectifier with divider;
- transistor load connection delay circuit;
- controller on digital chips;
- LED indication of operating modes and emergency situations;
- keys from optitron pairs.
Features of home production
Standard transformers TPK-2-2x12V are suitable. If necessary, you can create analogs with your own hands, using PEVs with a conductor diameter of 0.064 mm (8669 turns) and 0.185 mm (522 turns) in the primary and secondary windings, respectively.
The simplest energy regulator
The first designs of devices that varied the power supplied to a load were based on Ohm's law: electrical power equals current times voltage or resistance times current squared. A device called a rheostat was designed on this principle. It is located both in series and in parallel with the connected load. By changing its resistance, the power is also adjusted.
The current entering the rheostat is divided between it and the load. When connected in series, the current and voltage are controlled, and when connected in parallel, only the value of the potential difference is controlled. Depending on the material from which the resistance is made, rheostats can be:
- metal;
- liquid;
- coal;
- ceramic.
According to the law of conservation of energy, the absorbed electrical energy cannot simply disappear, therefore, in resistors, power is converted into heat, and if its value is large, it must be removed from them. To ensure removal, cooling is used, which is performed by blowing or by immersing the rheostat in oil.
A rheostat is a fairly universal device . Its only, but significant, disadvantage is the generation of heat, which does not allow making a device with small dimensions if it is necessary to pass large amounts of power through it. By controlling current and voltage, a rheostat is often used in low-power lines of household appliances. For example, in audio equipment to adjust the volume. It is not at all difficult to make such a current regulator with your own hands; this applies to a greater extent to a wire rheostat.
To make it, you will need constant or nichrome wire, which is wound on a mandrel. Electrical power is regulated by changing the length of the wire.
Types of modern devices
The development of semiconductor technology has made it possible to control power using radioelements with an efficiency of eighty percent. This made it possible to comfortably use them in a network with a voltage of 220 volts, without requiring large cooling systems. And the advent of integrated circuits made it possible to achieve miniature sizes of the entire regulator as a whole.
Currently, production produces the following types of devices:
- Phase. Used to control the brightness of incandescent or halogen lamps. Another name for them is dimmers.
- Thyristor. The operation is based on the use of a delay in switching on a thyristor switch during a half-cycle of alternating current.
- Triac. Power is regulated by changing the number of voltage half-cycles that act on the load.
- Travel regulator. Allows you to smoothly change the electrical power supplied to the electric motor.
In this case, the adjustment occurs regardless of the shape of the input signal. Based on their location, control devices are divided into portable and stationary. They can be carried out either in an independent housing or integrated into the equipment. The main parameters characterizing electrical energy regulators include:
- smooth adjustment;
- operating and peak power input;
- range of input operating signal;
- Efficiency
Thus, a modern electrical power regulator is an electronic circuit, the use of which allows you to control the amount of energy passed through it.
Thyristor control device
The operating principle of such a device is not particularly complicated. Basically, a thyristor converter is used to control low-power devices. A typical circuit of a thyristor power regulator consists directly of the thyristor itself, bipolar transistors and resistors that set their operating point, and a capacitor.
Transistors, operating in switching mode, generate a pulse signal. As soon as the voltage value on the capacitor is compared with the operating voltage, the transistors open. The signal is supplied to the control output of the thyristor, opening it too. The capacitor is discharged and the key is locked. This repeats in a cycle. The longer the delay, the less power goes to the load.
The advantage of this type of regulator is that it does not require adjustment, but the disadvantage is that it generates excessive heat. To combat overheating of the thyristor, an active or passive cooling system is used.
This type of regulator is used to convert power supplied to both household appliances (soldering iron, electric heater, spiral lamp) and industrial ones (soft start of powerful power plants). Switching circuits can be single-phase or three-phase. The most used: ku202n, VT151, 10RIA40M.
Triac power converter
A triac is a semiconductor device intended for use in an alternating current circuit. A distinctive feature of the device is that its terminals are not divided into anode and cathode. Unlike a thyristor, which passes current in only one direction, a triac conducts current in both directions . That is why it is used in AC networks.
An important difference between triac circuits and thyristor circuits is that there is no need for a rectifier device. The principle of operation is based on phase control, that is, on changing the opening moment of the triac relative to the transition of the alternating voltage through zero. This device allows you to control heaters, incandescent lamps, and electric motor speeds. The signal at the output of the triac has a sawtooth shape with a controlled pulse duration.
Independent production of this type of device is easier than thyristor one. Medium power triacs of the following types have gained wide popularity: BT137–600E, MAC97A6, MCR 22−6. The power regulator circuit based on a triac using such elements is characterized by ease of manufacture and no need for configuration.
Phase transformation method
The dimmer itself has a wide range of applications. One option for using it is to adjust the lighting intensity. The electrical circuit of the device is most often implemented on specialized microcontrollers that use a built-in electronic voltage reduction circuit in their operation. Because of this, dimmers are able to smoothly change power, but are sensitive to interference.
Read also: DIY three-phase power regulator
Phase power regulators are not stabilized using zener diodes, but use thyristors operating in pairs as a stabilizer. The basis of their operation lies in changing the opening angle of the key thyristor, as a result of which the load receives signals with the initial part of the half-cycle cut off, reducing the effective voltage value. The disadvantages of dimmers include high ripple factor and low power factor of the output signal.
When dimmers operate in a wide range of frequencies, electromagnetic interference is generated. Such radiation leads to a decrease in efficiency due to the appearance of parasitic current in the conductors. To combat such currents, inductive-capacitive filters are added to the design.
Selection rules
Before deciding on the choice of a stabilizer based on the type of power supply, it is important to decide in which networks it is intended to be used. If you plan to use it in an apartment in a city house, the owner will need a standard single-phase device
If the buyer intends to use it at the dacha, where there is a 380 Volt power supply, only a three-phase sample will do.
Before going to the store, it is important to familiarize yourself with the manufacturers of these devices and choose a company that has a good reputation. In this case, it does not matter whether it is a domestic or foreign company, since our manufacturers are also capable of making competitive models
Practical examples for review
The most popular among radio amateurs are circuits designed to control the brightness of a lamp and change the power of a soldering iron. Such circuits are easy to repeat and can be assembled without the use of printed circuit boards by simple overhead mounting.
Circuits made independently are in no way inferior in performance to factory ones, since they do not require settings and, with working radio components, are immediately ready for use. If you are unable or want to make the device yourself from scratch, you can purchase kits for self-production. Such kits contain all the necessary radio elements, a printed circuit board and a circuit with assembly instructions.
Dominant scheme
The easiest way to assemble such a device is with a thyristor. The operation of the circuit is based on the ability of the thyristor to open when the input sinusoid passes through zero, as a result of which the signal is cut off and the voltage across the load changes.
The circuit for replicating the thyristor power regulator is based on the use of thyristor VS1, which is used as KU202N. This radio element is made of silicon and has a pnp type structure. Used as a symmetrical switch for medium power signals and switching AC power circuits.
When a voltage of 220V is applied, the input signal is rectified and sent to capacitor C1. As soon as the voltage drop across C1 is equal to the potential difference, at the point between resistances R3 and R4, bipolar transistors VT1 and VT2 open. The voltage level is limited by the zener diode VD1. The signal is sent to the control terminal of KU202N, and capacitor C1 is discharged. When a signal occurs at the control terminal, the thyristor is unlocked. As soon as the capacitor is discharged, VT1 and VT2 close, and the thyristor also closes accordingly. At the next half-cycle of the input signal, everything repeats again.
KT814 and KT815 are used as transistors. The discharge time is adjusted using R5 and the power too. Zener diode is used with a stabilization voltage from 7 to 14 volts.
Such a regulator can be used not only as a dimmer, but also to control the power of a commutator motor. The dominant circuit can operate at currents up to 10 amperes; this value directly depends on the characteristics of the thyristor used, and it must be installed on the radiator.
Soldering iron heating controller
Controlling the power of a soldering iron not only has a positive effect on its service life, preventing the tip and its internal elements from overheating, but also allows you to solder radioelements that are critical to the temperature of the device.
Devices for monitoring the temperature of a soldering iron have been produced for a long time. One of its types was a domestic device, produced under the name “Additional device for an electric soldering iron type P223.” It allowed connecting a low-voltage soldering iron to a 220V network.
The easiest way to make a regulator for a soldering iron is using a triac KU208G.
Power contacts are connected in series to the load. Therefore, the current flowing through the triac coincides with the load current. To control the key mode, dinistor VS2 is used. Capacitor C1 is charged through resistors: R1 and R2. Operation indication is organized using VD1 and LED. Because it takes time for the voltage across the capacitor to change, a phase shift occurs between the mains voltage and the capacitor voltage. By changing the value of resistance R2, the magnitude of the phase shift is adjusted. The longer the capacitor is charged, the less the triac is in the open state, and therefore the power value is lower.
This regulator is designed to connect a load with a power of up to 300 watts. When using a soldering iron with a power of more than 100 watts, the triac should be installed on a radiator. The manufactured board easily fits on a PCB measuring 25x30 mm and is freely placed in an internal power socket.
Contents
I was interested in this information, I remembered that in the cinema "Ukraine" there was also continuous voltage switching - there, during the switching period, a wirewound resistor was connected between adjacent contacts of the switch. I started looking on the Internet for anything useful about this. I was not able to get acquainted with invention No. 2356082.
I managed to find an article “Types of voltage stabilizers”, which talked about the possibility of connecting a diode to the relay contacts at the moment of switching. The idea is to switch the AC voltage during the positive half-cycle. In this case, you can connect a diode in parallel with the relay contacts for the switching period.
Based on this article, the most common relays were taken and the switch-off time, the time spent in the broken state and the switch-on time were measured. During the measurements, I saw contact bounce on the oscilloscope, which caused a lot of sparking and erosion of the contacts, which sharply reduces the service life of the relay.
To implement and test this idea, a 2 kW AC relay stabilizer was assembled to power the apartment. Auxiliary relays connect the diode only for the duration of the main relay switching during the positive half-cycle. It turned out that the relays have significant delay and bounce times, but, nevertheless, the switching operation was managed to fit into one half-cycle.
Read also: How to remove oxides from aluminum
Connection errors
1
You may have everything connected perfectly and the diagram followed, but the stabilizer will constantly heat up and turn off, or errors will appear on its display.
Read in detail about where you can and where you should never place this device in the article “Where to install a voltage stabilizer in the house.”
2
Of course, this point can hardly be called a mistake. Moreover, 90% of consumers do just that.
However, this switch can really save your device from failure.
First you turn off the machines on the stabilizer panel.
Then move the switch itself to the TRANSIT or BYPASS position.
And only then turn on the machines again.
Many people forget about this and switch under load. Which ultimately leads to breakdowns.
With a 3-position automatic machine this is impossible. You automatically switch the voltage, without any manipulation on the stabilizer. And all this with one key!
There is no need to remember any sequence. So this procedure can be safely trusted to any family member.
3
You can choose a smaller cross-section only when powering individual electrical receivers.
If your whole house is sitting on a stabilizer, then please follow the input parameters according to the entire general house load.
4
For some reason, many people forget that often the entire load of your home passes through the stabilizer. Exactly the same as on the automatic input.
At the same time, in the electrical panel all the wires are crimped, even on light switches with minimal currents, but on the terminal blocks of the stabilizer or its circuit breakers, you can always find a bare wire simply pressed in with a screw.
Therefore, do not skimp and purchase the appropriate tips along with the device in advance.
5
Sometimes after connecting the stabilizer, the input machine starts to knock out. In this case, without a stabilizer, everything is fine and nothing is turned off.
Many people immediately blame it on an incorrect connection diagram or a defect in the device. They take it for warranty repairs, etc.
But the reason may be completely different. If your voltage is too low, 150-160V, then when you increase it to the standard 220-230V, the current in the network will increase significantly.
Hence all the problems
Please pay attention to this before you take it back to the store.
Sources - https://cable.ru, Kabel.RF
↑ Schematic diagram
It consists of an autotransformer switched both at the input and output using a relay. The circuit uses direct measurement of alternating voltage by a microcontroller. Output voltage through divider R13, R14, R15, R16
is supplied to the input of the microcontroller through capacitor
C10
.
The relay and microcircuit are powered through diode D3
and microcircuit
U1
.
Button SB1
together with resistor
R1
are used to calibrate the stabilizer.
Transistors Q1-Q4
are amplifiers for relays.
Relays P1 and P2 are the main ones, and relays P1a and P2a, together with diodes D1 and D5, close the circuit when switching the main relays. To reduce the relay turn-off time in relay amplifiers, BF422
and the relay windings are shunted with
1N4007
and 150 Volt Zener diodes connected back to back. To reduce impulse noise coming from the network, capacitors C1 and C11 are installed at the input and output of the stabilizer. A three-color LED indicates voltage levels at the stabilizer input: red – low, green – normal, blue – high.
Assembly features of the device for voltage equalization
The current stabilizing device microcircuit is installed on a heat sink, for which an aluminum plate is suitable. Its area should not be less than 15 square meters. cm.
A heat sink with a cooling surface is also necessary for triacs. For all 7 elements, one heat sink with an area of at least 16 square meters is sufficient. dm.
In order for the AC voltage converter we manufacture to work, you will need a microcontroller. The KR1554LP5 microcircuit copes with its role perfectly.
You already know that you can find 9 flashing diodes in the circuit. All of them are located on it so that they fit into the holes that are on the front panel of the device. And if the stabilizer body does not allow their location, as in the diagram, then you can modify it so that the LEDs come out on the side that is convenient for you.
Now you know how to make a 220 volt voltage stabilizer. And if you have already had to do something similar before, then this work will not be difficult for you. As a result, you can save several thousand rubles on the purchase of an industrial stabilizer.
↑ Program
The program is written in SI language (mikroC PRO for PIC), divided into blocks and provided with comments. The program uses direct measurement of alternating voltage by a microcontroller, which simplifies the circuit. Microprocessor used PIC16F676
.
zero
program block waits for the appearance of a falling zero crossing. At this drop, either the alternating voltage value is measured, or the relay begins to switch.
izm_U
program block measures the amplitudes of the negative and positive half-cycles
In the main program, the measurement results are processed and, if necessary, a command is given to switch the relay. For each relay group, separate turn-on and turn-off programs are written, taking into account the required R2on
,
R2off
,
R1on
and
R1off
. The 5th bit of port C is used in the program to send a clock pulse to the oscilloscope so that the results of the experiment can be viewed.
↑ Settings
Setting up the device consists of checking continuous switching and setting the rated voltage to 220 Volts using the construction resistor R15 and the SB1 button. It is necessary to apply voltage from LATR to the input through an incandescent lamp with a power of 100 - 150 W, set the voltage to 220 Volts and hold the button to achieve a green glow, rotating the construction resistor. After this, release the button, connect a voltmeter to the output of the device and, rotating the LATR, check the switching thresholds: lower 207 Volts and upper 232 Volts. In this case, the incandescent lamp should not flash or glow during switching, which indicates proper operation. Also, the operation of continuous switching can be seen on an oscilloscope; to do this, you need to connect an external trigger to the RC5 port and observe the output voltage of the stabilizer by changing the input voltage. During switching moments, the sine wave at the output should not be interrupted. When the output voltage is less than 187V, the red diode lights up and the green diode blinks. When the output voltage is greater than 242V, the blue diode lights up and the green diode blinks.
The stabilizer has been working for me for the 3rd month and has shown itself to be very good. Before this, I was using a stabilizer of a previous design, “Network voltage stabilizer on PIC12F675 (relay) 1.8 kW.” It worked well, but sometimes the computer's uninterruptible power supply would trip when it switched. With the new stabilizer, this problem disappeared forever.
Considering that the erosion of contacts in the relay has sharply decreased (there is practically no sparking), it would be possible to use less powerful relays as the main ones (LIMING JZC - 22F).
Assembly features of the device for voltage equalization
The current stabilizing device microcircuit is installed on a heat sink, for which an aluminum plate is suitable. Its area should not be less than 15 square meters. cm.
A heat sink with a cooling surface is also necessary for triacs. For all 7 elements, one heat sink with an area of at least 16 square meters is sufficient. dm.
In order for the AC voltage converter we manufacture to work, you will need a microcontroller. The KR1554LP5 microcircuit copes with its role perfectly.
You already know that you can find 9 flashing diodes in the circuit. All of them are located on it so that they fit into the holes that are on the front panel of the device. And if the stabilizer body does not allow their location, as in the diagram, then you can modify it so that the LEDs come out on the side that is convenient for you.
Now you know how to make a 220 volt voltage stabilizer. And if you have already had to do something similar before, then this work will not be difficult for you. As a result, you can save several thousand rubles on the purchase of an industrial stabilizer.
↑ Files
Hello, reader! My name is Igor, I'm 45, I'm a Siberian and an avid amateur electronics engineer. I came up with, created and have been maintaining this wonderful site since 2006. For more than 10 years, our magazine has existed only at my expense.
- Thank you for your attention! Igor Kotov, editor-in-chief of Datagor magazine
Hello, reader! My name is Igor, I'm 45, I'm a Siberian and an avid amateur electronics engineer. I came up with, created and have been maintaining this wonderful site since 2006. For more than 10 years, our magazine has existed only at my expense.
- Thank you for your attention! Igor Kotov, editor-in-chief of Datagor magazine
Hello, reader! My name is Igor, I'm 45, I'm a Siberian and an avid amateur electronics engineer. I came up with, created and have been maintaining this wonderful site since 2006. For more than 10 years, our magazine has existed only at my expense.
- Thank you for your attention! Igor Kotov, editor-in-chief of Datagor magazine
Ivan Vnukovsky, Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk
