When the light goes out in the house, people behave differently, since for some it is simply the inability to watch TV, but for others it is a blocking of activities, especially if a person has some kind of workshop equipped with electrical appliances. It is clear that in the second case, automatic switching on of the generator during a power outage will be an urgent need. And in this article we will talk specifically about automatic, rather than manual, starting of the reserve.
The unit has manual and automatic start functions Source daewoo-sales.com.ua
ABP for generator
The abbreviation ABP, which you will have to deal with if you want to set up automatic starting of the generator, stands for automatic switching on (entering) a reserve. Of course, you will have to decide whether such a device is necessary for your home, but if the farm has a workshop equipped with electrical appliances, and it generates income, then most likely the decision will be positive.
Modern ABPs, which provide uninterrupted power supply using a diesel, gas or carburetor device, absolutely do not require human intervention in starting and operating throughout the entire service process. When choosing an ABP, you will have to pay attention to the speed of its response, that is, it can be instantaneous or with a slight delay. But, be that as it may, there will be some kind of pause in any case, since the engine must start, although it will take no more than a second for the generator to autostart.
About ABP in detail
Controller for automatic generator start-up and transfer of reserve Source rozetka.com.ua
Automatic transfer of reserve is an autostart device for generators that switches energy consumption from the main power source to the backup one and vice versa. On the electrical market you can find diesel, gas and carburetor models of two-phase and three-phase generators, in which ABP integration is provided by the manufacturer. All that is required from the user is to install a special switch, where the position of the terminals is controlled by the transformer substation from the main source of electricity.
The ATS unit can be installed in a common electrical panel cabinet Source avr.kiev.ua
Main functional characteristics of modern diesel power plants
In the process of selecting electrical equipment of this type, it is very important to consult with professional electrical engineers who know the typology and specifics of modern diesel generators.
In the most general form, the main parameters for a diesel generator are:
- type and frequency of current;
- operating power;
- generator type;
- options that provide economical energy consumption.
The installation and configuration of a diesel generator should be trusted only to professionals, since the service life and reliability of the unit in operation generally depends on how well it is done.
Video description
Generator with autostart for home and garden. Autonomous and practical solution.
Types of ABP
All automatic reserve input blocks can be classified according to the following criteria:
- voltage;
- reserve input sections (quantity);
- type of network (single- and two-phase);
- power.
The connection diagram for automatic generator start can be configured so that not all wiring fed by the main source is started, but only those units where shutdown may be critical. For example, in a hospital this is how an intensive care unit and operating room are connected, and in the private sector a workshop and/or sawmill. This is not difficult to do: when installing the wiring, vital or technically critical blocks are output separately from all the others, so the ABP is inserted directly into this circuit.
ABP device
The simplest ATS circuit for a three-phase network Source piter220.ru
All automatic generator start systems consist of three main blocks.
- Contactors or terminals for switching input and load circuits;
- Logical and indicating devices.
- Relay blocks responsible for controlling (start/stop) the generator.
ABP can become a lifesaver not only when the main power line is disconnected, but also during voltage dips, which can sometimes occur in suburban areas due to weak transformer substations. That is, the inclusion of a start function in the circuit when the voltage drops to 90% (instead of 220 V - 200 V) of demand. This will allow the electric motors to operate without interruptions and unnecessary load. With this option, generator autostart systems allow you to save on repairs and the purchase of new equipment. The contact group is responsible for starting the reserve circuit, and the input voltage is monitored by the RKF or phase control relay.
The simplest ATS circuit for a single-phase network Source asutpp.ru
Now, using the diagram above, let’s take a closer look at how a diesel or gas generator with automatic start allows you to eliminate dips (complete shutdown or drop) in the voltage from the main power source. Here, too, everything is very simple: when ≈220 V is supplied stably, the phase control relay keeps the terminals in the normal closed state. If there is any breakdown on the power line side, the saturation of the RKF solenoid becomes weak and cannot hold these terminals, hence they open. In those situations where an inverter is present, as indicated in the above diagram, it will begin to generate ≈220 V, which is necessary for the consumer. If the main power cannot be restored within the time set depending on the power of the batteries, then the controller sends an autostart command to the generator.
As soon as the contactor block receives voltage from the main transformer substation, the automatic generator start system operates in the reverse order - the terminals are switched and the entire circuit is powered according to the intended design. To put it simply, the signal when restoring the transformer from the power line gives a command to shut off the fuel hose, be it gasoline, diesel fuel or gas. The valve blocks the fuel supply and the engine stops.
Description of possible ABP connection methods
Relationship between contacts KM1 and KM2 Source asutpp.ru
When connecting a generator with auto-start, the most important thing in this process is to take care to exclude the slightest possibility of counter currents entering the circuit. This can happen if the contactors operate incorrectly, that is, power will come from two sources. At the top there is a simple diagram with terminals K1 and K2, which should always be in different positions. When one turns on, the other necessarily opens and vice versa. At the moment, you can find more than one diagram on the Internet indicating how autostart occurs for a gas generator, but the general principle, taking into account the position of K1 and K2, will never change.
The principle of connecting the reserve input never changes Source asutpp.ru
Also, the location of the ABP on the diagram never changes, although physically it can be hung anywhere - even on the ceiling. The essence of the insert is that the machine will always be between the electricity meter and the substation, and no one will install it after the meter, so that you do not have to pay for the electricity that you yourself produce.
Schematic diagram for a private house Source asutpp.ru
When it comes to a private home, an autostart for a generator can be assembled according to the diagram above. Yes, you see exactly the fundamental warrant for the ABP installation, but in order to draw up a specific installation diagram, you need to know exactly the location, type and power of the equipment that should be started from the reserve. So, if you show a little ingenuity, you can tailor this scheme to the needs of your building and the electrical appliances located in it.
Detailed connection diagram for ATS Source asutpp.ru
Preparing the site for installation of a power plant
These works include preparing the site for the generating set based on the calculation of the weight and vibration-loaded characteristics for this equipment, installing and securing the station. When reconnecting the facility's electrical panel, backup consumers are allocated to a separate line if the selected scheme is to use a 220 V generator and a 220 V ATS unit with incoming power from the city of 380 V or 220 V. This scheme is used when the load power at the facility exceeds the maximum power of the budget generator.
Top
Is it possible to connect welding when ABP is running?
You can connect welding to a generator when there is enough power. Source burforum.ru
You probably understand that autostarting a gas generator is good, but the carburetor unit cannot handle all the powerful equipment. As an example, we will consider the choice of a device that will be sufficient for electric welding, as one of the most powerful energy consumers possible in domestic conditions. At the same time, we will consider compromise solutions when the main device is not only a welding machine, but also a generator with a diesel, gas or carburetor. By the way, no less power will be required for a carpentry workshop if it is equipped with professional equipment.
So, if your autostart system for a gasoline generator is equipped with an inverter and the output power of the unit indicated in the documents or on the case coincides with the welding power consumption, that’s not all. There are not only basic, but also additional quantities that affect voltage:
- power consumption of the welding machine;
- voltage range;
- maximum inverter for welding current;
- arc voltage parameters;
- expected duration of the work process;
- Efficiency
Note: it is also important to consider the condition of the electrical wiring in the building and the welding modes provided for the time when the generator will automatically start in the event of a power outage.
It is very important to take into account the factor of false information, that is, not very powerful inverters connected to the ABP circuit are not always capable of delivering 220 V. But in such cases, we turn to the technical parameters of the welding machine and, if the unit is capable of operating at a voltage of 150-200 V, it means everything is fine and you won't have any problems.
Technical parameters Source asutpp.ru
When it is known in advance that when the main power source is turned off, a reserve will be automatically introduced, and welding work will be carried out, it will not be amiss to study the table given above. This way you can choose the optimal ratio for a generator with ABP and an electric welding machine.
Advice: when choosing the ratio of the power of the generator and the welding machine, it is best if there is a reserve at the output, that is, when you enter a reserve, you will get more than what is needed for the operation of the equipment.
Devices on the market
Let's consider the most common offers in Russia, both with built-in autostart and with external units.
Generators with built-in autostart
. Single-phase unit with a rated power of 4 kW, equipped with a gasoline engine. Its fuel consumption is 1.7 liters of gasoline per hour, which, with a 25-liter gas tank, allows it to operate at a rated load for up to 14 hours on one fill. It is important to remember that due to air cooling, you should not let it run for more than 8 hours at a time. Due to its noticeably noisy operation (up to 68 dB), it is worth placing it in utility rooms or in the basement. The price of this generator is within 53 thousand rubles.
SKAT UGB-4000E/AUTO
. A higher power version of the same generator. The ability to power a load of up to 6 kW will allow you to use this generator not only in the country, but also in a small cottage. Since the generator’s fuel tank has the same capacity (25 l), and its fuel consumption has increased along with the maximum power, one refueling will only be enough for 10 hours of operation. When connecting consumers, you need to take into account that the two available output sockets are designed for different current consumption: 16 A and 32 A. Such a generator costs about 64,000 rubles.
SKAT UGB-6000E/ATS
. The most powerful of the Skat gas generators with built-in autostart. A power of 7 kW allows it to work even with welding inverters, but it also has a downside in the form of increased gasoline consumption to 3.5 l/h. The price of the generator is 67 thousand rubles.
SKAT UGB-7000E/AUTO- HUTER DY6500LXA . Compact petrol single-phase unit with a rated power of 5 kW. Its 22 liter tank is enough for approximately 15 hours of operation. When operating this generator, the noise level is high: 81 dB, which requires placing it in a well-insulated room. Price - 53 thousand rubles.
- Hyundai HHY7000FE ATS is a five-kilowatt single-phase gas generator. At the same price and power as the Huter, it is less noisy, with a maximum sound pressure level of 69 dB.
is a single-phase unit with a power of 8.15 kVA (actual rated power - 6.5 kW). Fuel consumption - 2.6 l/h. Thanks to the American Kohler engine used, this French generator is more reliable than analogues from China that are comparable in power, but it is also significantly more expensive: 139 thousand rubles.
SDMO Technic 6500 E AVR AUTO- Vepr ABP 4.2-230 VX-BSG AUTO is a compact Russian-made device equipped with a Briggs&Stratton gasoline engine. It is distinguished by its low price (36 thousand rubles) and simplicity of design. The rated power of 3.9 kW is quite enough for a small house or cottage. Gasoline consumption will not exceed 1.8 l/h.
produced in Spain. Its power output is low at 4 kW, but it attracts low fuel consumption of just 1.3 liters per hour. The used Honda GX270 engine is known for its reliability, which fully justifies the rather high price of 67 thousand rubles.
Gesan G 5000 HL Auto
The video is a review of the Hyundai generator, which we talked about a little earlier.
Generators with plug-in ATS
The video shows the Fubag generator, which will be discussed below
its characteristics are completely similar to the generator discussed above DY6500LXA, but at the same time it costs almost twice as much - 27 thousand rubles. At the same time, an additional 5-kilowatt branded autostart unit costs only 7,500 rubles.
Huter DY6500LX- Hyundai HY3100SE is a low-power (2.5 kW) single-phase unit in a noise-proof enclosure. Hyundai ATS 15 ATS device can cost another 20 thousand .
- FUBAG BS 5500 A ES has the ability to automatically start both when using the original Startmaster BS 6600 and from other manufacturers. The power of this single-phase unit is 5 kW, and its gasoline consumption allows it to operate at rated load for up to 10 hours on one refill of a 25-liter gas tank. The price of the generator is 45 thousand rubles.
Review of the above Huter generator in the video below
