Intercom connection diagram in an apartment building

Category: Equipment

Published 09/03/2021 · Comments: · Reading time: 5 min · Views: Post Views: 3,259

Today we will tell you how to connect the handset and the entire intercom system in a multi-storey building for one apartment. Here we will consider both the types of devices and their connection diagrams. In addition, we will offer our instructions for implementing this task.

Intercom design

An intercom is a device that allows someone to enter a room, or vice versa, to deny entry, without direct contact with him. The device has gained particular popularity literally in the last decade; previously, combination locks were most often used to protect front doors.

Photo - system design

An intercom in an apartment or private house consists of a handset, a calling panel, video equipment (if additional connection for monitoring a door or gate is required), a lock and a switch. Let's look at the functions of each part :

The digital intercom handset is installed indoors so that the owner of the apartment or house can accept the call and, if necessary, open the door. As a standard, the subscriber device must be connected to the locking system;
The calling panel is required to dial the required code. It can be of several types: with dial buttons, a special code reader from keys or cards, backlighting, or even a visual identifier. The latter is the rarest type, it is used to protect industrial or government facilities;
A lock or intercom locking device is used to control the position of the entrance door of an apartment building or the gate of a private house. Nowadays, the most common connection is a digital intercom with an electromagnetic lock. A magnetic lock can be easily opened from the outside, but is considered more reliable than the outdated version with a metal bolt connected to an electric motor;

Photo - lock diagram
Using a switch module (for example, Panasonic TDA TDE or PBX), signals are transmitted from the calling panel to a specific subscriber. This practice is more common in an apartment building, since in a private building there is only one subscriber. Photo - connecting the Commax intercom

As an additional security feature, the call can also be supplemented with the ability to connect a video intercom (Kenwei KW-4HPTN, Kocom KCV-A374SD). In this case, all data is transmitted using the camera to a special TV or computer. Unlike an audio intercom, a video system is more reliable in use, because in addition to making a call, visitors are also visually monitored.

Photo - digital model connection diagram

Most often, such a connection is parallel, which greatly facilitates independent installation. The only thing you need to remember is the polarity of the intercom calling panel, electric lock and apartment handset. If the electrical connection is made incorrectly, then the operation of not only a specific subscriber, but also the entire security system is disrupted.

Photo - intercom control unit

Rules for installing VIZIT intercoms

Connecting the calling panel

In order not to make a mistake when connecting the call remote control to the intercom, you need to adhere to the diagram offered by class=”aligncenter” width=”1132″ height=”1600″[/img] Installation of an electromagnetic lock - RUR. Digital ones work on the following principle: when making a call, they transmit a signal over a two-wire line, in which the number of the connected apartment is recognized.

However, only batteries can serve as the power source for the external module. This stage of work is considered the most labor-intensive. Slinex SLIP - this model is considered the best intercom for a private home. The first thing you can find out is that the ringing signal is formed by connecting the Audio line to the common wire through an Ohm resistance. Manufacturers deal with these issues independently at their own discretion.

With this connection to the main panel, a separate cable runs to each apartment. Internal video intercom calling panel can offer the user an almost unlimited range of possibilities.

Connection Intercom design An intercom is a device that allows someone to enter a room or, conversely, deny entry without direct contact with him. It is known that sometimes even the material used during the manufacture of the door affects the cost of repairing a video intercom. Installation and operation of digital intercoms is somewhat simpler, and their cost is gradually decreasing. The most basic parameters are interface language, date and time, recording quality and free space optimization.

The figure shows a block diagram of an intercom of an apartment building with a coordinate switch. If the intercom beeps, it means it has the ability to report problems. Like the indoor panel, the outdoor panel can have its own additional elements and functions: a canopy to protect the buttons and display from precipitation or a canopy with a corner; an additional call button, which is important for apartment buildings and allows you to contact, for example, a concierge; infrared illumination improves image quality at night and in low visibility conditions.

The calling panel is included. The design and operation of the intercom are created to meet the specific needs of consumers. Video intercom system It is not advisable to try to repair the device yourself, because you can make things worse and you will have to completely change the units of the device. Intercom key It is based on one of three technologies: 1. Fix the supporting bracket on the wall and connect four marked wires to their terminals: audio output, video output, power, ground. Do-it-yourself “hidden” video camera. Instructions.

Connection

Step-by-step instructions on how to independently connect the Eltis, Cyfral (Digital) video intercom with the z 5r controller:

You can connect a key reader (touch memory) or a buzzer, a button that will be used to open an electromechanical lock, a backlight, the lock itself and a power supply to this controller;
The buzzer and door sensor are optional parts, while the operation of the entire system depends on the door open button and power supply. If necessary, a screen can also be installed; optical control can be carried out through the monitor;
To connect the board, a terminal block is most often used, the contacts of which will connect the necessary network wires;
Afterwards, simply connect all the necessary wires to the apartment tube and check the correct polarity.

Domestic intercom models are also very popular, in particular the KS-2006. To connect them, schemes with two switches, one connection module, for several subscribers, etc. can be used.

What to do if the Factorial or Eltis intercom is disconnected from the power supply:

Twisted pair wires are most often installed in the apartment panel. To find it, you need to open the panel where the Urmet, Digital, Factorial, etc. intercom cable was connected to the entrance or door lock;

Photo - marking of wires when connecting
Then determine which wires are responsible for tens and which are responsible for units. This can be done by looking at similar cables on adjacent connections;
Be sure to pay attention to the polarity;
When connecting a cottage intercom, it will be enough to simply connect the cables of the switch and the unlocking lock in polarity.

Types of modern intercoms and their features

An audio or video intercom is used to reliably identify visitors. The latter is often installed in private cottages and is created for additional visual control of the space in front of the front door.

A handset that is equipped with buttons for accepting a call and opening an entrance electromagnetic or electromechanical lock. The device is installed by a company that provides intercom installation and maintenance services. If such devices were not installed in some apartments when installing the entrance, there is the possibility of installing them yourself. You can also use the services of a specialist service company.
A call panel equipped with a numeric dial field that allows the visitor to signal the intercom by pressing the required code, usually the apartment number. In addition, there is a reading device on the panel, with which you can use a special key to open the electromagnetic lock that blocks the entrance doors.
Locking device with power supply. The most common type of lock today is electromagnetic. Until recently, electromechanical latches equipped with sliding mechanisms were ubiquitous. Such devices are often present in the entrances of apartment buildings even now. To operate a remotely controlled unit, you must use a DC voltage of 12 or 24 V.
Switch. This device is designed to transmit a signal from the call panel to the subscriber handset of a specific apartment.

Depending on the type of signal processing, digital and analog intercoms are distinguished. For digital and analog models, various types of receiving devices are used. Before purchasing such a device, you should definitely find out what type is installed in the entrance.

There are two types of intercoms that can be successfully used both in a private house and in an apartment building: digital and coordinate matrix. Both types show high reliability, but their connection is somewhat different.

Digital

The alarm call is transmitted by a two-wire line system.
It determines the number of the desired apartment.
In this option, jumpers are used that transmit a signal to a specific subscriber over a twisted mesh.

The handset in each apartment has microcircuits. You can connect either the entire entrance or just one floor to such a controller.

To connect devices of this type, only a cable with two cores is used, through which an encrypted signal is transmitted. The handset installed in the apartment, the number of which was dialed on the call panel, responds to the signal.

To set the correspondence between the dialed code and the handset, special jumpers are used - jumpers - which bridge the required contacts in the answering machine. To correctly program the operation of the handset, jumpers are placed between the numbered terminals so that the sum of the numbers equals the apartment number.

The advantages of such intercoms include ease of installation and connection of new subscribers. The main disadvantage of such equipment is the influence of each tube on the operation of the entire system. When replacing a device due to its breakdown, as well as when connecting new subscribers, the correct installation of jumpers is extremely important.

If there is an error in connecting the digital handset or a short circuit in the lead wires, the system may malfunction.

Currently, to partially eliminate this drawback, floor controllers are used, which allow the fault to be localized within one level.

Another disadvantage of digital intercoms is their relative high cost, which does not allow these devices to become widespread.

Analog

A feature of these intercoms is the relative ease of installation. A commutator is connected to the coordinate communication device. It is this element that switches the call to a specific handset.

This device is connected to each apartment using two cables. Their numbers are not repeated. Communication is established by transmitting a signal to a switch. The modulator then processes the received signal and connects to the desired cable. Next, thanks to the relay, a connection with the apartment occurs.

The most commonly used connection is a parallel connection. This makes the job much easier if you decide to install the intercom yourself. The main thing is to remember the polarity of the calling panel, handsets in apartments and the electric lock.

If you make the connection incorrectly, the operation of not only a specific branch, but also the system as a whole will be disrupted.

Analog installations use a coordinate matrix connection and operate on the principle of a telephone exchange. An additional element of such a system is a switch, which processes and analyzes the signal, as well as redirecting it to a specific subscriber.

To connect the intercom handset to the switch, two buses are used. The contacts of the first of them (D0–D9) correspond to tens, and the second (E0–E9) to ones.

connect the conductor from the positive terminal of the subscriber handset to the contact corresponding to number 7 on the tens bus;
the conductor adjacent to the negative terminal is to the contact corresponding to number 4 on the units bus.

In the considered connection option, a device was used that was designed to serve up to 100 subscribers. There are models that can work with a large number of numbers, but their principle of operation is no different from that discussed above.

If the numbers of apartments located in the entrance do not allow connection, the installer reprograms the control panel with the numbers shifted by a certain number (for example, 84 must be subtracted from each). In this case, some difficulty arises when connecting, since without consulting the specialist who installed the intercom in the entrance, it is difficult to find out the amount of displacement.

At the first stage of work, the location of the intercom handset is selected, then it is fixed to the wall using quick installation.
Next, the installation location of the switch is determined (for analog intercoms). On each floor they are installed in a distribution box for low-current circuits. All of them are connected in parallel, which greatly simplifies the installation process. In the general case, just one switch per entrance is sufficient, but when using such a scheme, you have to stretch wires from the apartments on the upper floors to the installation site of the device.
After removing the protective cover of the switch, the terminals corresponding to tens and ones are determined, then the connection is made so that the sum of the numbers of these contacts shows the serial number of the apartment.
The wires are connected to the tube. It is extremely important to observe polarity. The positive terminal is connected to the contact of the commutator corresponding to tens, the negative terminal to ones.

If the polarity is not observed when connecting the coordinate matrix system device, the operation of the devices of the entire entrance may be disrupted.

Which intercom to choose

There are many companies on the Russian market that manufacture devices for intercoms. High production technologies allow us to produce improved models every year. What kind of intercom system there will be in the house is up to the owners to decide.

When choosing an intercom, you should pay attention to the switching system. Based on this parameter, coordinate and digital intercoms are distinguished. Their difference lies in the wire through which the connection to the apartments is made.

When installing a digital intercom, one line is laid to connect the switch with all apartments. The coordinate system is designed in such a way that each apartment will have a separate wire connecting it to the switch.

Today, digital intercoms are considered more reliable in operation. But their price is three times higher than the price of coordinate ones.

Another characteristic worth paying attention to is the type of connection. There are audio and video intercoms. The difference between them is the presence of a display on which you can see who is calling. The video intercom provides high security; thanks to it, no strangers will be able to get inside the entrance. But the cost of such devices is high. Apartment owners for the most part give preference to audio intercoms.

Handset design

The residential subscriber device consists of two parts. This is a handset and panel that is usually mounted on the wall next to the front door. The handset can be installed anywhere, you just need to lay the wire around the apartment. Inside the handset there is a microphone, a speaker and a small board with discrete elements. The panel has a handset release lever, and the handset itself has a door open button.

The electronic lock button can also be located on the wall panel. In modern models, the lever is replaced by a reed switch, and there is a small magnet on the tube itself. Some models may have a handset switch. On the back of the panel there are two screws marked “+” and “–”. A two-wire line is connected to them.

The wires should be connected to the intercom handset with correct polarity, otherwise the intercom system will not be able to be used - it will not work.

coordinate;
digital.

Based on the types of intercoms, apartment handsets also have slight differences. In coordinate intercoms, a switch installed in the entrance is responsible for the apartment number, and in digital devices, a special chip, which is located on a board inside the handset.

Who pays for intercom service

From the moment of installation, the intercom acquires the status of common property and belongs to all apartment owners in the building. According to current legislation, the residents themselves pay for the maintenance and upkeep of the property. After the intercom appears at the entrance, a new receipt will appear in your mailbox.

The obligation to pay amounts for the maintenance of this device is also assigned to those owners who did not install tubes in their apartments.

Previously, people did not think that someone could enter their entrance and cause damage to the property located in it. In Soviet times, there were wooden entrance doors, and flowers in pots bloomed on the staircase landings.

Perhaps the reason for the vandalism of the entrances was the dashing 90s, when the morality of the people wanted better. That’s when they began to come up with and install various means of protection from ill-wishers. At first these were combination locks installed by housing and communal services, then they were replaced by intercoms. Let's see what else they will invent to protect common property.

What's inside the intercom? We study the device and connection diagram

Intercoms are one of the types of access control systems. Older people may have seen intercoms for the first time in foreign films of the 70s. The characters in the paintings approached the entrances of houses, selected a button with the name of the person they needed, pressed it, and talked with the resident. With his permission, the front door opened and people entered the building. In the 90s, foreign wonders turned into a familiar attribute of our lives. First, apartment buildings, and then private households began to be equipped with intercom systems. The use of intercoms has increased the level of security for citizens.

In this material we will try to introduce the reader to the structure of intercoms, the principle of operation and the purpose of its main components.

Purpose of the intercom

As mentioned at the beginning of this material, intercoms are used to restrict access of unwanted persons to a certain area. In the case of multi-user systems, these are the entrances of multi-apartment residential buildings. Single-user (low-user) systems usually restrict access to private households.

In order to enter the territory “protected” by the intercom, a person must go through an identification procedure. Identification can be done using:

voice recognition during negotiations over a voice communication device (in recent years, video intercom systems have made it possible to identify people visually);
using an individual electronic key;
by typing the secret code on the numeric keypad.

In the first case, the decision to grant access is made by the user of the intercom system. In other cases, the identification procedure is performed by a microprocessor device.

Intercom installation

If you decide to install an intercom yourself, you first need to prepare the following tools:

a hammer drill with a set of drills and augers, necessary for working on concrete or brick;
Screwdriver Set;
hammer;
electrical tape;
knife;
dowels;
pliers;
putty for sealing grooves;
the wire.
To install an intercom you will need tools that every home craftsman has.

Installation sequence

Although there are different types of intercoms, their installation is carried out in the same sequence. When installing equipment yourself, work is carried out in the following order:

Selecting a location for installation. In order for the intercom to have a good viewing angle and this equipment to be convenient to use, it must be installed correctly. The recommended installation height for the external video intercom unit is 1.5–1.6 m from the ground. When installing a video camera, you need to make sure that the view is not blocked by doors, corners of the house or other objects. If we talk about installing the indoor unit, it can be mounted on a wall or installed on a bedside table. The main thing is that it should be in a convenient place and so that the sound can be heard throughout the house.
For comfortable use, the intercom is installed at a height of 150–160 cm
Cabling. This is the most important step, for which you need to have basic concepts and skills in working with electrical wiring. It is recommended that the cable length does not exceed 35–40 meters. To do this, you can use either a telephone cable or a signal wire or twisted pair. To lay the cable on the walls, you can make grooves, which are then filled with putty, or lay the wire in a box. The cable is routed into the calling panel bracket, which is fixed using self-tapping screws.
The cable can be laid in special boxes or grooves on the walls

Video: installing a video intercom with your own hands

Features of connecting to an entrance intercom

In order to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the entrance and to keep it clean, an excellent solution would be to install an entrance intercom. The installation is carried out by representatives of the company and they also do the wiring on the floors. Sometimes situations arise when you need to connect to an entrance intercom, so many home craftsmen want to know how to do it correctly. The connection method will depend on the type of device you are using.

Connecting to a digital intercom

This equipment is quite expensive, so it is less common compared to analog models. This system allows you to simultaneously connect no more than 255 subscribers.

Up to 225 subscribers can be connected to the digital entrance intercom

A two-core cable is laid along the entrance riser, and apartment intercoms are connected to it. If you decide to replace the intercom subscriber handset, then you need to know that programming the apartment number is performed using a microcircuit located inside the handset. Jumpers or jumpers are installed on it, with the help of which your apartment number is encoded. You need to disassemble the handset of the old intercom and look at its microcircuit, there is a digital panel there. The apartment code will correspond to the closed jumpers. The jumpers in the new audio intercom tube are closed using the same scheme, only in this case it will work with the entrance intercom. When using a digital intercom connection circuit, polarity must be strictly observed.

For example: to connect an intercom, you need to jumper jumpers, and their sum must correspond to the apartment number; if its number is 38, then you need to connect jumpers 32,2,4.

To program the apartment number, you need to jumper three jumpers

Some modern video intercoms have a built-in interface unit. If it is not there, then to connect such equipment you must additionally use the MSC interface module. It helps coordinate the operation of the entrance intercom and the video intercom in the apartment. This unit is suitable for video intercoms from different manufacturers, although there may be certain restrictions.

The connection process consists of connecting two wires from the entrance intercom and a cable from the video intercom to the MSC module. The adapter has outputs for connecting a calling panel and a camera.

The video intercom is connected to the digital entrance intercom via the MSC interface module

The disadvantage of the digital system is that after it is repaired, all apartments must be connected again. If one of the residents incorrectly connects the subscriber handset, the entire system fails.

Connecting to a coordinated intercom

This option is used more often, since if the device of one of the users breaks down, the rest of the system works normally. The connection of the coordinated intercom is carried out according to a scheme that works on the principle of an automatic telephone exchange. A mandatory element for connecting an intercom to such a system is a switch.

To connect an audio intercom to the switch, two buses are used. On the first of them, the contacts correspond to tens (D0-D9), and on the second - to units (E0-E9). For example, to connect apartment No. 23, you need to connect the positive wire to terminal D2, and the negative wire to terminal E3.

When connecting a handset to an entrance intercom, the positive wire is connected to terminal D, and the negative wire to terminal E

If the apartment number is greater than 80, then the installer does reprogramming and shifts the numbers. To connect an intercom in this case, you need to know the offset value.

To connect a video intercom to a coordinated entrance intercom, you need to install the MSC interface module. Connecting such an adapter is similar to connecting the MSC module.

The video intercom is connected to the analogue entrance intercom via the MSC interface module

The polarity must not be mixed up, otherwise the intercom will not work properly. The advantage of an analog connection system is that handsets from different manufacturers are interchangeable.

In entrances with a small number of apartments, an analog intercom with a built-in switch is usually installed. This allows you to connect apartments directly to the call panel, which greatly facilitates and simplifies the process of installing handsets.

Video: the process of connecting to the entrance intercom

Installation of a wireless intercom

Already from the title it becomes clear that a cable is not needed to connect the calling panel and the internal unit of such an intercom. Thanks to this, installation is much easier and faster.

Depending on the chosen model, the range can reach 100 meters. When calculating the range of the intercom, it is necessary to take into account not only the distance between the handset and the call panel, but also the thickness of the walls, the presence of other obstacles that interfere with the signal.

A wireless intercom is most often installed at the entrance to a private area

When installing such an intercom in an apartment building, the calling panel is installed near the apartment door. In a private house it is mounted near the gate. The calling panel is also mounted at a height of 150–160 cm. If control of the lock is provided, it is also mounted on the door and its control is connected to the intercom.

In the apartment, the display with the handset is installed in any convenient place. After this, the functionality of the intercom is checked and if everything is fine, then its installation is considered complete.

The advantages of a wireless video intercom are that it can be installed in any part of the house. To increase the operating range of a wireless video intercom, you can connect a directional antenna to the calling panel.

Video: review of a wireless video intercom

Connecting an intercom to a TV

Users often have questions about how to properly connect a video intercom to a TV. Almost all the time when the owners are at home, the TV is turned on and it is very convenient to see the guest’s image on its screen.

Most modern intercoms have the ability to connect to a TV; for this they have a special video output. It is enough to use a special cable to connect the intercom output to the AVI input of the TV. To receive a good quality signal, you must use a shielded cable to connect the intercom to the TV.

To connect to a TV, you need to connect a cable between the intercom output and the AVI input of the TV.

After pressing the call button, you will hear a signal, and just turn on the channel selected for the intercom on the TV to see on the screen who has come to you. To display images on several TVs at once, you need to additionally install a splitter. Please note that each new connection makes the signal weaker, so you should not connect more than 3-4 TVs to the intercom.

Main components of intercom systems

Multi-user intercom systems consist of several main units. A typical intercom circuit consists of:

call block;
power supply;
electric lock;
switching unit;
subscriber voice handsets.

The figure shows a block diagram of an intercom of an apartment building with a coordinate switch.

Below we will take a detailed look at the structure of all elements of the intercom system.

Electric lock

In modern multi-user intercom systems, two types of electric locks are used:

In electromechanical locks, the bolt (bolt) of the locking device is held in the “closed” state when power is applied to the coil of the built-in electromagnet. When the tension is removed, the bolt comes out of the locking plate under the action of the return spring.

A powerful electromagnet coil mounted on part of an open magnetic circuit is built into the door frame. The second part of the magnetic circuit is mounted on the door. At the moment when the door comes close to the door frame, the halves of the magnetic circuit are attracted to each other under the influence of a magnetic field. When the magnetic circuit “shorts”, the door is kept locked. To overcome the resistance of an electromagnet requires an effort that an ordinary person is unable to create without additional means.

From the above description of the locks of multi-user systems, it is clear that when the supply voltage disappears, they automatically open . This arrangement of locks makes intercom systems vulnerable, but it is dictated by fire safety requirements.

As for the locks of individual intercoms, they are opened using an electromagnet when the supply voltage is applied. The connection diagram for the electromechanical lock is shown in the figure.

In order for entrance doors with electric locks to be able to lock automatically, they are equipped with door closers.

power unit

Intercom power supplies produce power supply voltages for all elements of intercom systems. There are no special requirements for power supplies other than reliability. To increase the reliability of the operation of intercoms, power supplies can be supplemented with uninterruptible power supplies. The use of uninterruptible systems will allow the intercom to continue operating during power outages.

Call block

The call block is the “brain” of the intercom system. Typically a calling block consists of:

numeric keypad;
a display reflecting the numbers typed on the keyboard;
elements of duplex public address system (speaker, microphone);
electronic key code reader;
buttons for opening the door from inside the room.

Depending on the type of intercom system and the algorithm of its operation, when typing a combination of numbers on the numeric keypad, you can enter an access code or call a subscriber of one of the apartments. If there is a display, it will display the entered digital sequence.

The latest intercom systems are opened using individual electronic keys (chips). The key chips store a unique code that is read by a special reader. The read code is analyzed by the call block microcontroller. If the entered code matches the code “hardwired” into the call block, the microcontroller will issue a signal to open the door.

In addition to the identification function using a key, the call block performs the function of controlling the switching of voice communication devices. When dialing an apartment number, the speaker and microphone are turned on, and control signals are generated for the switching unit. The switching unit transmits the call signal to the subscriber handset. If the handset is picked up, the caller has the opportunity to conduct a conversation with people in the apartment. Intercoms provide duplex (two-way) voice communication between the calling device and the subscriber device.

If the “open” button is pressed on the subscriber side, the permission signal will be sent to the call block through the switch. The microprocessor system will turn off the power to the lock electromagnet and the front door will open. The door will also open when you press the open button from inside the room.

Construction and breakdown of the intercom handset

Let us separately consider the design of a device for negotiating and unlocking a lock - block or handset - located at the subscriber's disposal. This element is the easiest to repair and is always accessible. Intercom handsets are interchangeable: if the part cannot be repaired, you can buy a new one for a small price.

Installation of a subscriber intercom handset:

small electronic board;
tact button (microswitch, “mikrik”) for the unlock button;
contacts (terminals), wires;
a reed switch or mechanical assembly connected to the holder for closing/closing the contacts when removing/fixing the tube;
microphone and speaker;
plastic case with buttons, holder.

Usually the tact button, reed switch fails, and the contacts also fall off. The negotiation unit is the elements that break most often; first of all, you need to check them. The remaining parts fail less frequently, since they are better protected (for example, the external panel is standard vandal-proof) and are in a stationary state.

Mechanical faults of the intercom handset

As a rule, the intercom handset has plastic body parts; the weak point of most models is the holder, the tab that presses and snaps off when removing/fixing the part with the speaker and microphone.

In some models of intercoms at home, the holder only has a “hook” function for fixing the handset on the base: you must additionally press the button on the body to start negotiations, that is, removing/not removing does not affect the contact in any way.

For other product options, the tongue interacts with an additional element (with a mechanical or reed switch), turning the circuit on/off. It is then that the failure of the holder directly affects the functionality of the system.

If there is no connection, you need to inspect the intercom. If turning on the device is tied to the mechanics of the holder that closes the communication chain, and it is broken, then the reason is in this unit. It can be glued or the plastic can be fused at the fracture site with a heated soldering iron. In this case, soldering must be done carefully so as not to damage the mechanics, otherwise the system will be constantly turned off or on. You can solder other plastic elements in the same way.

Electrical faults in the intercom handset

There is a large group of problems that directly relate to the electronic and electrical aspects of the intercom. The main types of breakdowns: breaks, short circuits of wires, contacts, as well as incorrect polarity, damage to power supplies, speakers, microswitches.

Lack of communication due to broken microswitches

A sign of a problem - when you pick up the handset, there is no connection with the caller. The possibility of mechanical failure of the holder is discussed above. But the microswitch can also be a reed switch - this is a small bulb with contacts that close/close when a magnetized element approaches.

If there are no visible mechanical damages, then you can connect two wires (the part itself does not need to be soldered) before and after the reed switch and close them directly, thus checking whether the connection has appeared. However, any switches are checked in the same way. To repair it, you need to buy and solder a new part.

Door unlock button does not work

The essence of the malfunction in more detail: call, call, the subscriber negotiates, presses the open key, but the entrance (lock) remains blocked or several presses are required.

The reason is the microswitch (SB1 or 2, tact button). To repair, you need to remove the cover and inspect the mounting location and this “microphone”. If the part is located separately from the board, then check how the contacts are soldered - they can come off, but if they hold securely, then most likely the clock button itself has broken.

Separately, it must be said that the “micrik” is a very unreliable part; over time, its contacts oxidize or it itself fails. This element, like the reed switch, is easy to replace: it is cheap and sold in all radio stores. Resoldering will require some experience, but the manipulation will be possible for those who have even minimal skills in handling a soldering iron.

The diagnostic process is standard: solder the contacts of any switch, for example, from a table lamp, before and after the “micrik” and, by turning it on/off, check the functionality of the tube. You can simply use wires and open/close them. If unlocking occurs, then the problem was in the tact button.

No voice communication, reset when pressing a button

Description of the problem: when the button grants access, instead of unlocking the lock, the call is reset, the entrance remains closed. You need to check if there is a break in the wires or loose contacts near the speakers. The remaining wires are soldered. It is important to observe polarity.

There are also cases where there is no connection, but the lock unlocks when a button is pressed. The problem is associated with a break or short circuit in the speaker winding. Such a malfunction cannot be detected visually - you need to use a multimeter.

Some models, for example, the domestic Digital KL-2, are equipped with a part that turns off the speaker (sound indication) when calling. The option is practical if the subscriber does not want to be disturbed. In models with the described function, due to wear and contamination of the contacts, the connection sometimes resets instead of unlocking the door.

The call is dropped when the handset is picked up or when the number is dialed

If the device is in good working order, a reset occurs when the intercom part is placed on the base without pressing the open key, and if it breaks down, the reset occurs when it is lifted. The circuit is turned off (opened) by a switch - mechanical (under the tongue holder) or reed switch. The solution to the problem is to replace the microswitch, check and solder its lagging contacts.

A breakdown occurs when there is no connection, the call is dropped immediately or while dialing a number on the outdoor unit, often appears after installing an intercom indoors. The reason is the mixed up position of “+” and “–”. This is especially true when the main wire going into the room is used in the form of an ordinary telephone “noodle” with ends indistinguishable from each other.

The contact points connecting the base to the main line are standardly marked “+” and “−”, but problems sometimes arise with the difference in wires, so it is recommended to mark them additionally. Failure to comply with the polarity results in a reset instead of an audible signal. The solution to the problem is to “reverse the polarity”, swap the wiring in the handset connecting it to the outside calling panel.

Hearing defects (weak sound, interference)

First of all, pay attention to the speaker and microphone. First, they check the basic points - contacts, soldering. You can easily tug on the cord or connector - if there is significant interference and a periodic increase/decrease in volume, then the contacts are probably loose.

As a rule, there is a trimming resistor on the board (some products do not have it, for example, Digital KL-2), which adjusts the balance of the microphone and speaker. Before touching it, you need to remember (take a photo with your smartphone) the position of the slider. Then you need to move the regulator in different directions and return it to how it was. Perhaps dust or dirt has come into contact - movements will eliminate these shortcomings.

Another factor in the malfunction is the capacitors on the chip, but replacing them will require the skills of a radio amateur.

Intercom power supply failure

Symptom of a malfunction of the power supply unit of the house communication and access system:

the call panel produces a too weak (quiet) sound signal;
There is no tonal or light signal at all (the diodes do not light up);
The electromagnetic or electromechanical lock does not work well or does not work at all.

As standard, the system has two channels for 12 and 18 V from the power supply: for the electronic part and the lock. In this case, if everything is in order with the contacts and wires, then pay attention to the fuses and change them. Such repairs will require the experience of a radio amateur and correctly selected new parts, so specialists are often called in.

Breaks in the power supply cable are checked with a multimeter: the tester is tested for continuity, serviceability is indicated by a sound signal (if the tester has such an option) and “0” on the display, if “1” and the device does not beep, there is a break.

Video intercom breakdown

Repairing a video intercom is complicated by the presence of a lens and a monitor, but in general the principles of repair are as described above: analysis of the condition and position of contacts, microswitches, and so on. To check the functionality of the video camera, it must be dismantled and connected directly to the internal panel. If the device works, then the cause of the problem is most likely a broken wire or contact. If all power and communication cables are checked, but there is no video, the problem is in the device’s microcircuits, and then repair is only available to users with experience in electronics repair.

Types of intercom code keys and the principle of their operation

Intercom code keys can be divided into two types: contact and contactless. The first intercoms used simple analog keys with two contacts. A resistor of a certain value was soldered inside such a key. When such a key was applied to the reader, a fixed current was passed through it, and the microprocessor system measured the voltage drop across the resistor.

If the fall fell within the specified parameters, the door opened. Such a key could be made not only by an intercom service company, but also by any person with basic knowledge of electrical engineering. Therefore, analog keys were quickly replaced by chips that transmit serial binary code . For such keys, the number of possible combinations is determined by the number of transmitted binary digits.

Contact-type digital keys can be made based on chips from different companies. One of the most common are Dallas Touch Memory from the same manufacturer. Depending on the microchip model, the keys have different amounts of memory and allow you to obtain a different number of numerical combinations.

Recently, many intercoms have been equipped with contactless reading devices. In this case, the exchange between the access key and the intercom is carried out over a radio channel. The devices communicate with each other at frequencies of several tens or hundreds of kilohertz. The range of such “radio equipment” does not exceed several centimeters. Therefore, the possibility of intercepting radio traffic is unlikely.

How to connect a video intercom to an entrance intercom

To coordinate the video intercom with the entrance intercom, special elements are used - MSC/MSK interface modules. These devices are used to coordinate a video intercom with a digital/coordinate entrance intercom. The adapter is capable of supporting video intercoms from various manufacturers; the manufacturer promises high-quality work with CTV, Commax and Kocom. There are restrictions described in the instructions for the device.

We connect to a digital entrance intercom. Installation of the MSC adapter is quite simple. You connect the wires that previously went to the intercom handset. Also connect the four wires from the video intercom to the adapter.

The calling panel is connected directly to the adapter, just like the camera. For this purpose, the device has appropriate outputs.

Organization of two-way audio communication with the visitor.
Opening the lock by command from a video intercom.

The connection diagram looks like this:

We connect to the coordinated entrance intercom. The MSC module is needed to work with a coordinated entrance intercom. Connection and operation are similar to the MSC adapter described above.

The connection diagram using MSC looks like this:

Commax intercom connection diagram

Commax intercoms differ in screen diagonal, type of connection, control method, etc. Some models can divide the screen into four parts. This is convenient if you need to view images from four cameras simultaneously. The user can choose a color or black and white intercom, with a hands-free function and other types of modifications.

If we talk about the device’s memory, then, as a rule, it is enough to take up to 128 frames. Some Commax intercom models can record short videos. Recording begins after the user presses a key, so there is no need to confuse a video intercom with video surveillance.

A more comfortable solution is the ability to connect a cordless handset. Thus, the signal passes not only to the intercom, but also to the handset itself, which is very convenient if the apartment is large and the call cannot always be heard. The presence of such a handset allows you to use it not only as a means of communication with the intercom system, but also as a telephone, for which it is enough to connect to the telecom operator’s network.

The Commax intercom connection diagram includes several elements. These include: calling panels, controller, electric lock, 12 V power supply and video cameras. The connection principle is quite simple.

The user may not install a video camera, but instead mount an additional call panel. This is relevant for protecting large areas with two gates. In most cases, instead of a second shooting, a camera is mounted. Thus, it is easier for the user to decide whether to open the door or not.

The calling panel and camera are connected to the controller using four wires: audio, video, power and common. A DC voltage of 12 V is supplied to the input of the calling panel and to the input of the video camera. This is a transformed value obtained as a result of conversion by the power supply of a household alternating voltage of 220 V.

The system provides for the use of two electric locks, but the user can leave only one or exclude them from the circuit altogether. If you decide not to install locks, then the wires must be insulated and hidden under the panel.

In the case when a video camera is used instead of a second calling panel, the sound is transported through one channel, and only the image through the second. Most often, a video camera is installed immediately in front of the entrance to the apartment, and a calling panel is installed in front of the entrance to a long corridor, after passing which the visitor enters the lens frame.

In some cases, two intercoms are connected. This is convenient if the house is large and one post is not enough, then one, for example, is installed on the first floor, and the other on the second.

The Commax intercom is connected using colored wires. Typically these are red, blue, yellow and white wires. It is important to maintain the order of connections, as incorrect connections can cause equipment failure. In some cases, repair is not possible; the user has to purchase the equipment again.

The blue wire is common; the power potential is measured against it.
Red – audio signal.
Yellow is the positive bus of the main power supply of the equipment.
White – video signal.

When connecting the equipment, it is necessary to ensure that the device is not exposed to direct sunlight. Excessive heat is the main cause of failure. It is better to place the elements at a height of one and a half meters; if there are children in the family, they will not be able to reach them.

If connecting wires are laid close to high-voltage lines, then it is necessary to use a coaxial cable, which is protected by a metal pipe. This is the only way that magnetic fields will not create interference currents - and this can become one of the reasons for a false signal. The pipe, in turn, will reliably protect the connecting wires from external influences.

It is necessary to monitor the integrity of the wiring, as a violation of the insulation leads to a short circuit, which can cause a fire. After all elements are connected, the correct connection is checked again. It is important that the conductors are securely fixed and the order of the wires is not disturbed.

When connecting the monitor and camera, you must make sure that the monitor is not connected to the network. Power is supplied only when the power cord is connected to an outlet. At the end, the specialist turns on the devices and performs a control check of the functionality of all elements.

Intercom connection Visit diagram

The operating instructions for the “Visit” intercom must indicate safety precautions. It must be remembered that the voltage in the device does not exceed 18 V. It is strictly forbidden to carry out maintenance or repair of the equipment while the power is on.

Repair work or routine maintenance must be carried out by a specialized service organization. The instructions also describe the installation procedure. Before performing installation work, be sure to study it, as well as the connection diagram of the intercom equipment units.

The instructions contain a graphic representation of the device installation process. Direct contact of snow or rain with the external call unit is not allowed. It is prohibited to use electromagnetic locks with a resistance lower than 10 Ohms and higher than 20 Ohms.

power supply voltage;
power consumption;
dimensions of the calling unit (dimensions);
block mass;
operating conditions (minimum and maximum air temperature, relative humidity).

If a video intercom is installed, then the camera parameters must be indicated.

Most common models

In our country, equipment for intercom systems is supplied by several large companies. Among them we can highlight such manufacturers as Metakom LLC, the VIZIN group of companies (Visit). Both companies offer comprehensive solutions for organizing remote access control systems (ACS). Both companies present a wide range of intercom equipment.

Based on the proposed elements, you can create low-user and multi-user intercom systems of any configuration. The company's products are distinguished by a high level of quality and engineering. The equipment can operate in difficult weather conditions of our country. Anti-vandal design ensures high durability of products.

Live

Anti-vandal design ensures high durability of products. With its help, you can carry on a conversation with the person who called the apartment and open the front door.

Each of these five principles can be created in various technical ways and have varieties, working for an individual private house or a multi-story residential building.

Settings are made according to the instructions for your model. In this case, the exchange between the access key and the intercom is carried out over a radio channel.

Share this article with your friends: Join our groups on social networks:. There are always many new products on manufacturers' websites that are worth studying before choosing a specific calling panel. In this way, the quality of work can be significantly improved. If there is 12V only from the monitor, without an additional power supply, a strong voltage drop occurs when the lock is opened.

Repair of intercoms in St. Petersburg

Installation and operation of digital intercoms is somewhat simpler, and their cost is gradually decreasing. The electronic controller processes information coming from the calling panel, exit buttons and the owner of the apartment.

Large companies often assign specialists to sites. That is, they wanted to go outside themselves and open the door from the house, pressed the intercom button, went to the gate, but it was closed.

Components of video intercom devices

More than 30 meters - wire with a cross-section of 0.4 square meters. Plug the plug connector into its socket, and connect the wires by pressing or soldering. The main disadvantage, in their opinion, is the low shooting resolution. As a rule, video intercoms are installed and connected by technical specialists. Due to this, free evacuation of people from the building is organized.

To independently leave the house through the gate, even when there is no light, press a special button on the lock. In the next video, see the technology for connecting the intercom calling panel. When everything is connected, check the quality of the connection, test. We must not forget about possible mechanical damage. The company's products are distinguished by a high level of quality and engineering. Installation of intercom and electromagnetic lock. Connection diagram

How to connect an intercom yourself in an apartment building?

An intercom is already a necessary device for a homeowner in an apartment building. It minimizes the access of strangers to the entrance: tubes equipped with audio and, in many houses, video communications allow you to quickly identify the person on the other side of the door. Many people are interested in whether it is possible to connect an intercom in an apartment on their own. Of course, if you understand at least the basics of electrical engineering. And we, in turn, will provide you with detailed instructions that will help you easily cope with this matter.

What is the difference between an apartment intercom and a device in the house?

For the entrance:

Intercoms designed for a large number of subscribers are installed in apartment buildings. For one entrance, you need to connect one device, which will send a signal to all subscribers.

The new apartment is connected to the general signal network.
When dialing an apartment number, the switch transmits a signal to the microprocessor, which determines the presence of the number in the database.
If the number is found, the visitor connects to the receiving device in the apartment.

For a private house:

Intercoms for a small number of subscribers are installed in private homes or other small objects.
The device's keyboard is one button for calling. When pressed, the visitor is connected to the concierge, security, watchman or owner of the house and introduces himself with an announcement of the purpose of the visit.

Apartment and house devices

Apartment with intercom

An entrance intercom is an analogue or digital mini-PBX:

An analog coordinate matrix device provides communication and control of the electronic (electromechanical) lock, and also allows residents to enter the entrance. When working, the same type of key is used. Connects to the apartment with a pair of wires. The first finds the tens register in the number (second number), the second determines the units register (first number). A multi-core cable is pulled along the entrance, which connects the required wire from the call panel with intercoms to the switch. After the button with the apartment number is activated, the switch connects the device to the desired room.
The operation of a digital device is similar to the operation of an analog device and differs only in that apartment numbers are encoded in a binary number system. Its use allows you to communicate with apartments in the house using a two-core cable. This solution makes installation, maintenance and repair easier and faster. The switch connects an apartment with a specific number with an intercom having the same number. The functionality allows you to enable additional options: internal communication between apartments and residents and the dispatcher.

Intercom switching diagram on the floor

Intercom in the cottage

A communication device installed in a private home uses an electromagnetic relay circuit. The communication cable and power circuits of the actuators are switched. They use an intercom designed for a small number of subscribers, as follows:

The visitor presses the signal button on the communication panel.
The contacts are closed and the signal is sent to the intercom.
The owner presses the communication button or picks up the intercom handset, at which time the electromagnetic relay switches the circuits for alternate or simultaneous dialogue (depending on the model).
After recognizing the visitor’s identity, the owner opens the front door himself or remotely.

Connecting an intercom at a dacha or cottage

About the design of the intercom

Before connecting an intercom in an apartment building yourself, let’s look at the design of the device. This access device with intercom functions (audio and video communication) has become popular in the last decade, taking the place of less convenient combination locks that previously protected some of our entrances. Intercom systems are most often installed by specialized companies for the entire entrance. They subsequently maintain the system.

The most popular manufacturers of intercoms today are Vizit, Commax, Falcon Eye, etc.

In the diagram above you saw the main components of the intercom system. Before connecting the intercom yourself, let’s refresh our memory of their functions:

A tube. It is installed in the apartment so that the tenant can answer the call and open the door for the guest. This subscriber element must be connected to a common locking system.
Call panel. This is what we see next to the entrance door - a key code reader, keys for dialing an apartment number or code, an auxiliary screen.
Lock (locking device). Today, electromagnetic variations are the most popular. Although it is still possible to open them without a key with the proper application of physical force, they are considered the most reliable. Previously, there was a popular option with a regular metal valve, which was opened by an electric motor.
Switch module. This element of the system is responsible for transmitting a signal from the calling panel to a specific resident.
System power supply.
“Exit” button, etc.

How does an intercom work?

The principle of operation of the coordinate system of negotiations and admission of an apartment building:

Dialing a number or pressing the buttons on the external panel. The signal goes through a control unit (CU) common to the entrance, the switch goes to the subscriber’s handset.
A signal is heard in the room, the user negotiates via a handset or intercom, and presses the input unlock key on it.

The switch in the CU coordinate systems recognizes the room number and sends the signal specifically to the selected subscriber. The latter answers the call, and if he decides to open the door, he makes a response manipulation - by pressing a button on the block (handset) on his own, which unlocks the lock (usually magnetic) on the door through the control unit. The digital system has the same principle, but it is not the switch that is responsible for signal delivery, but the microcircuit in the main control unit.

Knowledge about the structure and operation of the intercom will help you understand which parts may break. Most often this is:

panels (calling, subscriber);
wires (incorrect connection, short circuit, loose contacts, break);
Power supplies.

Types of intercoms

Before you connect the intercom yourself, you need to decide on the type that suits you best:

Digital. The guest's call is transmitted over a two-wire line, where the apartment number is recognized. Pairing here is the work of jumpers that transmit a signal to a specific handset over a twisted network. Each of the latter is equipped with microcircuits for such an operation. All apartments, not only the entrance, but also the floor are connected to this controller.

Coordinate matrix. A simpler option, which is why it is considered more reliable. Here a switch is connected to the coordinator, and when a call is made, it transmits a signal to a specific handset. The connection itself is wires of units and tens. From here, each apartment is defined by two cables, the numbers of which, naturally, cannot be repeated. To establish communication, a signal via DAT1 is required. Then the information is converted and processed by the modulator, after which it is connected to a specific one and ten. The connection to the apartment via LIN occurs due to the operation of an electromagnetic relay.

Connecting an intercom with your own hands - all the nuances

There are several features, without taking into account which you can make some mistakes that will either lead to a malfunction of the device for one resident, or disable the devices in the entire entrance.

These features and nuances look like this:

Compliance with polarities. The connection must be made strictly according to polarity. This is one of the critical errors that leads to the system shutting down in the entire entrance.
Correct search for decimal and unit bus. You need to find the buses to which the connection will be made correctly. There are several ways to do this, which involve the correct order of steps.
Wire insulation. Any twist must be insulated; we do the same with wires that were not needed in the system and turned out to be superfluous.
Device maintenance. You need to report the installation of the device to the company that maintains it in this house or entrance.
Availability of an individual scheme. You need to study the diagram that is in the box with the tube before carrying out work.

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It is better to study these features before installing the device.

Electrical protection and wiring

We continue to talk about how to connect the intercom handset yourself. The connection itself is only possible to an electrical network protected by a 16 A circuit breaker or a 10 A fuse. To ensure the safety of residents, a 30 mA residual current device is also installed.

Two types of power supply are used for the intercom device:

The transformer is located separately from the intercom, connected both to it and to the network.
The tube is integrated with a transformer and is connected to an outlet using a power cable.

One of the important topics regarding how to connect an entrance intercom yourself is wiring. Make sure that it fits only in corrugated pipes. Therefore, you need to accurately measure the distance from the outer panel to the speaking tube in order to lay the pipes to the required length. The free ends of the wires should protrude approximately 20 cm from them.

Connecting an intercom to an entrance intercom

Installing an intercom in an apartment, sooner or later each of us will face the problem of connecting the handset.

Installation of equipment independently in connection with the installation of a protection system.
Connection of the handset due to a breakdown of the previously installed intercom device.

If you still have to do this work yourself, then first of all you should purchase completely new equipment. In this case, you should take into account the fact that the handset must fully comply with the installed intercom system.

Today, buying a handset for an intercom is not difficult, and you can safely purchase it yourself. Thanks to the many modern companies engaged in this production, there is a wide range of products that are publicly available and suitable for any type of intercom.

It is strongly recommended to purchase goods only from authorized dealers, who guarantee the quality of the goods and provide a guarantee for a long service life. The device must meet all the specified quality conditions, since only high-quality intercom handsets can ensure uninterrupted and reliable operation of the security system. Otherwise, re-installation will not take long.

Installation of handsets for digital intercoms. Digital intercom systems are mainly used in apartment buildings. Installing a handset of this type has its own specifics, namely: this addressing scheme requires a two-core cable to which the subscriber handset is attached. Here you should pay attention to the polarity.

Each intercom handset has its own microcircuit, which is programmed with jumpers or jumpers for each apartment number. In this regard, in order to find out your apartment number, you will have to carefully disassemble the handset and carefully examine the existing microcircuit. Near each jumper there is a special digital panel on which the numbers are in ascending order.

Here the apartment code is made up of numbers related to closed jumpers. A disassembled old handset can serve as an example from which you can transfer the code to a new device. Thus, installing a new intercom handset will not be difficult.

Installation of the handset on a coordinate matrix type intercom. Connecting the intercom handset to this type yourself is not difficult. Here, all the work consists of transmitting a signal to a special switch, which, when a call is received, processes it and, due to the presence of special keys, sends the call signal to the required subscriber device. Installing a handset for such an intercom will force the owner not only to work hard, but also to show ingenuity.

During installation, the whole problem lies in the cable, which is divided into many wires related to each individual apartment in the entrance. It should also be taken into account here that tens keys generally do not exceed seven, including zero. Thus, the total number of users can be more than eighty.

Do-it-yourself installation of an intercom handset consists of finding the required bus of tens, as well as units. It is very easy to deal with dozens - they are located on the panel of the required floor. All that is required is to find the wire to which the wires related to each apartment in the entrance are connected. This way you will select the cable you need.

To select the correct unit bus, you need to go up to the floor with the apartment number that matches the last digit of your apartment, and again find the cable on the panel. A plus is connected to the tens bus, and a minus to the units bus. This is where all the difficulties end.

Installing the device is not difficult. Then we just connect the handset. To do this, we carry out the entire procedure described, paying attention to the polarity. If all existing rules are followed, we can say that the installation is complete.

With electromagnetic lock

Installation and connection of an intercom with an electromagnetic lock. Electromagnetic locks differ in the method of landing on the door leaf.

installation in a cutout with overlays of durable parts of the body on the surface of the sash;
installation in the inner cavity of the door with the mandatory removal of the magnetic pad flush with the surface.

The first installation option requires less carpentry skills, but can be challenging when working with a metal door. The second one is more accurate and will require professional skills to create a recess in a wooden door. To fix the lock, hand tools, self-tapping screws and another type of detachable connection are used. Welding the locking mechanism to the door is highly discouraged.

It is recommended to place the connection wire either at the end of the sash, or so that it is hidden by the cash strips. You can also run the route inside the overhead cable channel.

Installation of calling panel. Where exactly to place the intercom calling panel depends on the wishes of the owner. In this case, you should be guided by basic common sense: to press the call button or place a face in the capture area of the video camera, you do not need to require any special actions from the visitor.

The calling panel is placed so that all its parts (except the front) are closed to prevent accidental or intentional damage and protected from moisture. To connect, it is worth laying the cables in advance. Their connection is carried out according to the instructions for the device.

red cable or terminal – for internal buzzer;
brown – to control the lock;
red – for positive power cable;
green – to internal light signal;
yellow connects to the manual release button (from inside the security zone);
orange connects to the door close sensor (if used);
white – to the key contact device.

The black wire is a single marking of the common contact for all devices in the system; it is connected to the minus power line. If it is impossible to lay the cable structure in advance in a fence, soil, or metal structures, it is recommended to place it in a metal or corrugated pipe; durable aluminum cable channels are also suitable.

The diagram of the intercom calling panel is always given in the technical data sheet; the purpose and marking of the terminal comb or branch contact lines of the device are also indicated there.

With electromechanical lock

Connection diagram for an intercom with an electromechanical lock. An electromagnetic lock brought from a store may have a different number of contacts.

green – main manager, release;
black – neutral wire for condition monitoring;
blue, yellow – transmit a signal of the locking or unlocking state, respectively.

The intercom does not use a detailed monitoring system; it controls only unlocking. Therefore, the lock is connected with only two contacts: in the standard case, green (to the control point of the calling panel) and red (to the positive terminal of the power supply of the appropriate voltage). All necessary technical data are always provided by the manufacturer in the product passport.

Installation of a street panel

How to connect an intercom yourself? The next item is the installation of an outdoor external panel:

The approximate height of the element from the ground is 1.6 m.
For overhead panels on the door or wall, the locations of the mounting dowels are marked, then holes are drilled according to the marks and the device is attached.
For built-in options, lines are drawn for the groove, and the position of the built-in box is noted.
Using a chisel, cut the groove, taking into account the thickness of both the built-in element and the corrugated pipe.
Install and secure the recessed box with cement.
Then place the corrugated tube in the hole. If necessary, secure its position with nails.
Carefully putty the fine with the pipe, simultaneously pulling out the nails holding the last one.
Now cut the wires from the pipe to the required length and connect them to the street panel.
The action ends by fixing the street panel in the built-in box.

Device selection and panel installation

The call panel is one of the main elements of the intercom. You can choose the most simple device that has a button, a speaker and a display. A more advanced type is a shield with a keyboard for typing a digital code, an electromagnetic or electronic key reader.

The video intercom calling panel is also equipped with a video camera. Absolutely all domestically produced models have increased resistance to external influences of an aggressive nature.

The photo shows one type of video intercom calling panel

One of the first preparatory steps is laying communications. First, the required wire cross-section is calculated, then the cables are pulled (the distance from the electrical wire should not be less than 50 cm), the modules are configured, and only after that the calling panel is installed.

The installation of the intercom panel should be carried out in accordance with the rules. It is best to place it at a height of about 150 cm from the ground. Before mounting the device on a fixed door leaf, door or wall, it is necessary to check its operation.

How to connect the device correctly?

Both installation and connection of the calling panel does not require you to have deep knowledge in the field of electronics. But before you begin installation, you should carefully read the provisions that the instructions provide us with. Any miscalculation or incorrect connection can damage not only a specific device, but the entire system.

Depending on the equipment configuration, there are only three options for connecting the panel to the intercom.

The simplest connection scheme is when the shield is directly connected to the monitor using a contact wire without any auxiliary elements.

The simplest option for connecting the panel to an intercom

The second option is that the calling panel is connected to a monitor, an electromechanical lock, and a power supply.

Second panel connection option

The most complex wiring diagram for the panel is one that takes into account the connection with a monitor, an electromechanical lock, a power supply, and a controller with a built-in reader. In this embodiment, the panel is connected to the monitor and controller via two different wires.

Panel connection diagram image

In order to correctly connect the call remote control to the video intercom, you cannot deviate from the diagrams provided by the manufacturer.

Features and connection procedure

To connect an audio panel to an intercom, a 2-wire communication system is used, and for video intercoms a 4-wire system is used. Power supply is carried out directly from the monitor to the calling console, with the exception of devices equipped with a video camera. The main condition for connecting equipment is to strictly follow the instructions.

The procedure for installing and connecting the panel to the video intercom system:

Testing the equipment for functionality (the test must be performed on the cable coil, attaching a shield with a call button on one side, and a monitor on the other, taking into account the connection diagram);
After laying the cables, all elements of the system are installed (monitor, calling console, etc.);
The panel is connected to the monitor via four channels (common wire - black wire color, audio channel - yellow, video channel - white, + 12V - red);
If the kit includes a remotely controlled electromagnetic lock, a separate wire is led from the calling panel to it;
The next step is to turn on the monitor, control the indicator, if there is an electromechanical lock, connect the power supply to the network;
Testing connected devices - pressing a button on the call panel, after which the monitor should play sound, and if there is a video camera, an image;
Voice testing.

You can find out how to connect a video intercom yourself by watching this video:

What should you pay attention to?

All outdoor call panels are protected against incorrect wire connections. However, you need to be very careful and, when connecting the call panel to the video intercom, be sure to observe the polarity.

How to connect the panel to the monitor? It is better that these two devices are located at a distance of several meters from each other, otherwise whistling and other extraneous sounds may occur in the handset.

The wire on the equipment may have a different color-purpose combination from different manufacturers, so there is no need to use a standardized connection diagram, but rather strictly follow the instructions.

If you are unable to connect the calling panel yourself, seek help from specialists or those who have already made similar connections.

Source: camafon.ru

Installing the Internal Device

If you don’t always have to install an external device (this can be done by the company that supervises the intercom at your entrance), then installing the handset, if you want to take matters into your own hands, will have to be done by you. Here is an approximate algorithm of actions:

The approximate recommended location of the tube is 1.5 m from the floor.
Next, you need to determine on the wall where to lay the corrugated pipes from the external access element. If the transformer is built into the tube, then there is only one path, if not, then two - to the intercom and, in fact, to the transformer.
Again, you make fines with a chisel along the thickness of the corrugated pipe.
The next step is to place the pipe in the groove and further cement it or putty it.
Mark the exact location of the tube, drill holes for the dowels that will hold it.
Attach the handset stand.
From the corrugated pipe, connect the necessary wires to the tube.
Install the intercom on the mounting brackets and secure it with screws.
The transformer (if it is not built-in) is installed in a protected place (for example, a distribution panel) and connected to the general system with wires strictly according to the diagram. It can only be connected to a network protected by a fuse!

Types of devices and features of their operation

There are two types of devices that are installed in apartments.

These types look like this:

Hardware . Inside the gadget there is a matrix, which brings the call to the desired room.
Digital . Using a two-wire line, the call is forwarded to a specific apartment. Signal reception is carried out thanks to special microcircuits built into the handset.

Important! Each type has subjective nuances that greatly influence the process of installation of the structure and its subsequent maintenance.

Video intercom installation

We figured out how to connect a digital intercom yourself. Its variety is a video intercom, connected according to a similar scheme. But before installation, please consider the following:

The video camera should not be installed against sunlight or powerful lighting.
The video eye must be protected from vibrations and mechanical damage.
The camera must be protected from rain and not exposed to high temperatures (more than 40 degrees).

Independent installation of an intercom is the prerogative of people who have dealt with electricians more than once. If you are doing this for the first time, we advise you to carry out the work under the guidance of an experienced friend, since all descriptive instructions are of a general, advisory nature and do not prevent specific problems during installation.

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