Definition and purpose of a reversing switch
Reversing switch OT40F3С 40A
A reversing switch is a special switch, thanks to which the master can switch to the opposite state (invert) the switching of conductors connected to the device.
The device is used in three-phase current circuits. When installing a switch, it is possible to evenly redistribute power across several lines without disrupting the power supply to the entire house or room.
The reversing switch is installed at the following facilities:
- Private houses if they have powerful equipment: oven, hob, etc.
- Industrial enterprises in the food sector: bakeries, bakeries, confectionery factories, food production plants.
- Heavy industry.
- Medical institutions.
- Public institutions: cinemas, shopping centers, museums, etc.
Switches are used wherever there is a need for a complete organization of switching without failures. It is important here to eliminate the possibility of a short circuit.
Three-phase network
The switch must be mounted using power supplies with voltage parameters of 400 V. The transformers that are used are pulsed. To connect, you need to provide an inverting input. The output current flows through the transition capacitor elements. The use of two-module types of reversible switch is required.
Single-module models are characterized by a maximum voltage limit of 350 V. The negative resistance is 55 Ohms. A blocker is required. Electrical panels are required in residential buildings. The preferred modification is KK22. In control units they are installed as thyristors, and options with dinistors are also acceptable.
Installing a changeover switch and connecting it to the electrical network: installation diagrams and recommendations
Let us describe the installation of an electric generator with a power of 2 kW or more. To organize a backup power supply network you will need:
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Connecting a home generator using an ABB changeover switch Another example of the importance of controlling a lighting fixture at two points is when there is a light switch at the entrance to the bedroom and a switch near the bedside table. Ask, I'm in touch!
Switch design
Installation of a reversing circuit breaker in a distribution panel
The reversing circuit breaker has the form of a box with a blade built-in contact system and spring brackets. When closing the first, metal blades enter the brackets. Thanks to this operating principle, contact rupture under its own weight is eliminated. There is a smooth redistribution of electricity from one line to another.
You can fix the switch on the wall in any position - horizontally, vertically and even diagonally. This does not affect its performance.
Selection, design and differences of pass-through switches
Before assembling such a control scheme, here is what you should pay special attention to:
1To connect a pass-through light switch,
a three-core cable is required - VVGng-Ls 3*1.5 or NYM 3*1.5mm2
2Do not try to assemble a similar circuit using ordinary switches.
The main difference between regular and pass-through ones is the number of contacts. Simple single-key ones have two terminals for connecting wires (input and output), while pass-through ones have three!
In simple terms, the lighting circuit can be either closed or open, there is no third option.
It is more correct to call a pass-through not a switch, but a switch.
Since it switches the circuit from one working contact to another.
In appearance, from the front they can be absolutely identical. Only the pass key can have an icon of vertical triangles. However, do not confuse them with reversible or crossover ones (more about them below). These triangles point in a horizontal direction.
But from the reverse side you can immediately see the difference:
- the pass-through has 1 terminal on top and 2 on the bottom
- a regular one has 1 on top and 1 on the bottom
Due to this parameter, many people confuse them with two-key ones. However, two-key ones are also not suitable here, although they also have three terminals.
The significant difference is in the operation of the contacts. When one contact is closed, pass-through switches automatically close the other, but two-key switches do not have such a function.
Moreover, there is no intermediate position when both circuits are open at the gateway.
Types of switches
Reversing relays are classified according to several criteria - the number of poles and current switching.
There are these types of switches:
- Single pole. Used for single-phase electrical networks. They have one module with a copper conductor. Most often used in residential areas. A single-phase reversing machine is ideal for generators with a frequency of no higher than 20 Hz.
- Bipolar. They are most often used in apartments with conventional and more powerful household appliances. The switch is equipped with two inputs. This means that with its help you can simultaneously power equipment from a three-phase and single-phase network. The negative resistance of such devices is 60 ohms. In this case, the input voltage is not regulated for bipolar devices.
Reversing switch with ATS unit Compact ATS OTM63F3C21D400C three-pole - Three-pole. These types of switches are used in three-phase electrical lines without a zero drive. It is permissible to use such a switch in a single-phase network, but provided that only two poles are used.
- Four-pole. Indicated for use in the case of operation of a three-phase electrical network and the same generator. The relay facilitates smooth switching of three phases plus zero between the generator and the main power supply line.
In terms of rated currents, the manufacturer offers the modern consumer machines with switching parameters from 16 A to 1.6 kA. Some varieties can be used in networks with voltages up to 660 V. Some - with values up to 440 V.
Additionally, switches are divided into two types - with parallel or perpendicular output, based on the location of its installation and the connection of all external terminals. It is also possible to buy a combined type device.
If the master understands that when installing a power supply there will be a need to switch an energized electrical circuit, it is better to buy a reversing relay with an arc suppressor. It helps extinguish the arc and thereby prevents failure of the device.
3 point circuit
To be able to turn the light on/off from three places, you need to buy a cross (cross) switch for two switches. It differs from those described earlier by the presence of two inputs and two outputs. It switches a couple of contacts at once. See the figure for how everything should be organized. If you understand the above, this one is easy to understand.
Electrical circuit for controlling a lamp from three points
How to assemble such a circuit? Here's the procedure:
- Zero (and ground, if any) is connected directly to the lamp.
- The phase is connected to the input of one of the pass-through switches (with three inputs).
- The input of the second is fed to the free wire of the lamp.
- The two outputs of one three-pin device are connected to the input of a crossover switch (with four inputs).
- The two outputs of the second three-pin device are connected to the second pair of switch contacts with four inputs.
The same diagram, but from a different perspective - where to connect the wires on the housings.
Where to connect the wires
And this is approximately how to distribute it around the room.
Wiring when controlling the lamp from three places
If you need a circuit with four, five or more points, then it differs only in the number of cross switches (for four inputs/outputs). There are always two switches (with three inputs/outputs) in any circuit - at the very beginning and at the very end of the circuit. All other elements are cross devices.
Connection diagram for pass-through switches for 5 points
Remove one “crossbar” and you get a four-point control scheme. Add more and there will be a scheme for 6 control places.
To finally get it all in your head, watch this video.
Specifications
Characteristic designation structure
All reversing circuit breakers have the following basic technical parameters:
- rated current indicators - from 16 to 3,200 A;
- number of poles – from 1 to 4;
- permissible operating temperature – no more than -40 degrees to +55;
- cable cross-section – from 0.75 to 35 mm2;
- installation type - din rail or mounting plate.
Some models additionally have a control knob.
Reversing load switch ABB OT63F3C 3P 63A ⋆ Electrical goods
Description
Reversing load switch ABB OT63F3C 3P 63A is a reversing switch with three clear positions (IO-II), does not depend on external power supply.
Technical characteristics: Compliant with standards: GOST R 50030.3-99, TU 02 AGIE.642416.020 Rated voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz, V: 230/400 Rated operating current Ie, A: 63 Number of poles: 3 Degree of protection: IP 20 Operating temperature range, °C: -40 ÷ +60 Electrical wear resistance, V-O cycles, no less than: 10000 Mechanical wear resistance, V-O cycles, no less than: 20000 Maximum cross-section of connected wires, mm2: 35 Presence of precious metals (silver), g/pole: 1.2 Weight of 1 pole, no more , kg: 0.11.
ABB OT series switches have manual control and can switch both under load and without it. The range of switches includes 11 different sizes of 3- and 4-pole load switches from 16A to 3150A. A distinctive feature of ABB load switches for currents from 125A to 3150A is the presence of a visible break in the contacts and the ability to disconnect the power supply under load. There are different designs of switches: industrial, modular and reversible. Switches for currents up to 160 A are installed on a DIN rail. Industrial switches can be mounted on the doors of standard cabinets. Modular load switches are mounted in one row with modular circuit breakers and RCDs. Installation of switches for currents above 160A is carried out on a circuit board.
What is a reversing switch?
Switching the load from the main power source to the backup one is carried out using reversing switches. A reversing switch is sometimes called a changeover switch. Reversing switches are a design consisting of two standard load switches interlocked with a special mechanism that prevents the second power source from being turned on when the first one is turned on. The finished product is marked for 3 positions IO-II and is intended for input of a reserve line. Reversing switches operate on currents from 16A to 1600A. It is possible to use a motor drive for remote/automatic control of switches from 160 to 1600 A.
ABB also produces accessories for OT series switches: terminal covers, adapters, cable clamps, interlocking mechanisms for reversing and multi-pole switches, additional contacts, etc. ABB switches of all series have been tested according to IEC standards and are certified by GOST-R.
The compact design of ABB reversing switches is ensured by a number of technical solutions:• Contact system: the shortest path for current flow, double break of each phase, arc extinguishing device, electrodynamic compensator.• Control mechanism: operator-independent drive (the force applied to the control handle does not depend on the speed movement of contacts), universal control knobs.
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Device installation
Connection diagram for a reversing switch in a distribution panel
Regardless of which machine is connected - a single-phase reversing switch for a home or a two-, three-, four-phase one, when installing it, you should adhere to the following rules:
- Installation of the device is carried out only in enclosed spaces. Moisture must not enter the device box. If the installation is carried out outdoors, it is necessary to protect the switch with a sealed box-box. It must be locked.
- It is allowed to mount the device at temperatures from -40 to +55 degrees.
- The relay is fixed according to all the rules. Free movement of the mechanism when acting on it is not allowed.
- If the recommended operating temperature range cannot be maintained, the safety cabinet must be heated or cooled.
- The connection of a three-phase, two-, one- or four-phase reversing switch is carried out using a wire wire crimped with a sleeve, a busbar or wires with a central core.
Installation of the reversing switch according to the diagram must be carried out by an experienced electrician who has permission to perform this type of work. Otherwise, emergency situations cannot be ruled out. Installation of the relay (reverse) is carried out only when the network is completely de-energized.
Where is a similar lighting control system used?
The lighting control system most often considered is used in public and industrial premises, namely: in long corridors, tunnels, walk-through rooms, that is, in rooms where there are two doors equally serving as entrance and exit, in staircases and other places. In all of the above cases, pass-through switches are installed next to the doors.
If we talk about residential premises, then the installation location for pass-through switches can be, for example, the entrance door to the room and a place on the wall next to the bedside table. In this case, a person entering the room will turn on the light by pressing the pass-through switch located next to the door, and sitting on the bed, without getting up, he can turn it off with the second pass-through switch located next to the bed.
Using pass-through switches, you can control one luminaire or lamp, or a group of them. For each case, different types of pass-through switches are used (single-key, two-key, three-key). The main goal that a person pursues when installing such switches is the convenience of light control and reducing energy costs.
