Requirements for street lighting on poles

For the installation of lamps on street areas, the main document is SNiP 23-05-95. It sets standards for street lighting and requirements for it. In addition, there are a number of industry standards that outline the basic requirements for lighting of transport highways, alleys, squares,

park areas, historical monuments, etc. These documents indicate the nuances of lighting specific objects that must be strictly followed when lighting them.

Street lighting is carried out according to a specially developed project. It must be carried out by specialists who have a license, rights and the necessary permits, as well as having the appropriate qualifications to carry out such work. At the same time, they must adhere to the requirements of SN 541-82, approved by Order No. 13 of the State Committee for Civil Engineering and Architecture.

Tables of street and road lighting standards

Roads and streets within the boundaries of settlements

The values ​​are given based on SP 52.13330.2016 “Natural and artificial lighting”.

Road class A1

Main roads and city streets outside the city center, transport and functional axes, exits to external federal highways. Used by all types of transport moving continuously and at high speed. Multi-level intersections and a central dividing strip are used.

Table of lighting standards “Road class A1”

Look at the ready-made solution “Class A1 Road Lighting”

Road class A2

Main roads and city streets outside the city center, main transport channels, including those with access to external highways and expressways. Used by all types of transport. Movement is both continuous and controlled. The intersection with highways can be single- or multi-level.

Table of lighting standards “Road class A2”

Look at the ready-made solution “Class A2 Road Lighting”

Road class A3

Main roads and streets of citywide importance in the central part of the city, transport axes of its historical center, connecting streets with access to highways of classes A1 and A2. Used by all types of transport with the exception of transit freight. The traffic is regulated, the intersections with highways are on the same level, there are numerous pedestrians.

Table of lighting standards “Road class A3”

Look at the ready-made solution “Lighting of Class A3 roads”

Road class A4

Main roads and streets of citywide importance in the central part of the city, its main transport channels. They provide internal connections and have access to main streets of citywide and regional significance. Used by all types of transport with the exception of transit freight. The traffic is regulated, the intersections with highways are on the same level, there are numerous pedestrians.

Table of lighting standards “Road class A4”

Look at the ready-made solution “A4 class road lighting”

Road class B1

Highways and district streets outside the city center. Provide connections within residential areas and industrial areas, as well as between them. Used by all types of transport, traffic is regulated, single-level intersections.

Table of lighting standards “Road class B1”

Look at the ready-made solution “Class B1 Road Lighting”

Road class B2

Highways and streets of regional significance in the city center, axes of functional and planning zones of the historical part. They provide internal communications and have access to main streets of city and regional significance. Used by all types of transport except transit freight, traffic is regulated, single-level intersections.

Table of lighting standards “Road class B2”

Look at the ready-made solution “Class B2 Road Lighting”

Road class B1

Streets and roads of local importance in residential areas outside the city center, transport and pedestrian connections within areas with access to highways, with the exception of streets with continuous traffic. Passenger, special and cargo transport (except for transit), sometimes public passenger transport. The traffic is regulated, the intersections are one-level.

Table of lighting standards “Road class B1”

Look at the ready-made solution “Class B1 road lighting”

Road class B2

Streets and roads of local importance in residential areas of the city center. They provide transport and pedestrian connections within the microdistricts and have access to the main streets of the center. There are passenger, special and cargo vehicles (with the exception of transit). The movement is regulated with intersections at the same level.

Table of lighting standards “Road class B2”

Look at the ready-made solution “Class B2 road lighting”

Road class B3

Streets and roads of local importance in urban, industrial, municipal and warehouse areas, transport links within these areas. Used by all types of transport. The traffic is regulated, all intersections are one-level.

Table of lighting standards “Road class B3”

Look at the ready-made solution “Class B3 road lighting”

Public roads outside settlements

The values ​​are given based on GOST R 58107.1-2018, the calculated values ​​of throughput, traffic speed and number of lanes are based on SP 34.13330.2012.

Road category IA

Highways designed for the safe and uninterrupted movement of high-intensity traffic flows at high speeds. It is necessary to have a dividing strip or place each direction of movement on a separate road surface. Access for pedestrians and cyclists is prohibited, there are no single-level intersections, and the number of junctions (both single- and two-level) is limited.

Table of lighting standards “Road category IA”

Road category IB

This includes roads for high-speed traffic with a mandatory median strip. Same-level intersections are not allowed, and junctions at the same level are allowed only without crossing the direct direction of movement.

Table of lighting standards “Road category IB”

Road category IB

Regular roads with medium traffic intensity, accessible to all types of transport. The presence of a median strip is not a mandatory requirement. Bicycle and pedestrian paths must be additionally separated from the main road.

Table of lighting standards “Road category IB”

Road category II

Ordinary roads designed to carry medium-intensity traffic flows at high speeds. There is no dividing strip; junctions and intersections at the same level are allowed.

Table of lighting standards “Road category II”

Road category III

Ordinary roads for carrying traffic flows with average intensity and above average speed. No dividing strip. Single-level connections and intersections are allowed, including with railway and tram tracks.

Table of lighting standards “Road category III”

Road category IV

Ordinary roads for carrying traffic flows with below average intensity. Single-level intersections and junctions with other roads, the organization of bicycle and pedestrian paths without additional measures to organize traffic are allowed.

Table of lighting standards “Road category IV”

Road category V

Regular low-capacity roads. Travel speed is low.

Table of lighting standards “Road category V”

Concepts and definitions

Peripheral illumination coefficient
The ratio of the average illumination on the surface of the roadside to the average illumination on the surface of the traffic lane adjacent to the shoulder.

Maximum relative specific power at normalized illumination

Serves as an indicator of the energy efficiency of a lighting installation. The determination method is given in “Appendix M” to SP 52.13330.2016. In fact, it shows how many milliwatts of electrical power are spent to create illumination of 1 lux on 1 square meter of area.

General uniformity of road surface brightness

The ratio of the minimum value of road surface brightness to the average.

Threshold brightness increment

An indicator of the glare effect of lamps on the driver of a vehicle. In fact, it is an increase in the contrast between the object of observation and the background, in which the presence of a brilliant light source does not affect the visibility of the object. The formula for determining this value is shown in Figure 3.10 in paragraph 3.61 of SP 52.13330.2016.

Longitudinal uniformity of road surface brightness

The ratio of the minimum value of road surface brightness to its maximum value along the axis of the traffic lane.

Average illumination of the road surface

Illumination on the road surface, weighted average over the area of ​​a given area. Measured in lux.

Average road surface brightness

Brightness dry

road surface in the direction of the eye of an observer located on the axis of the traffic lane under standard conditions.
A weighted average of the roadway area is used. It is measured in candelas per square meter. Standard observation conditions
Conditions under which the observer's eye is at a height of 1.5 meters above the road and is removed from the calculated point at such a distance that the line of sight makes an angle of 0.5 to 1.5 degrees with the road surface.

General information

The data presented here for roads inside settlements is based on SP 52.13330.2016, outside settlements - on GOST R 58107.1-2018. Features of the installation of lighting systems are based on the current edition of the PUE (seventh edition). Most requirements have mandatory

, but only when designing new or reconstructing existing lighting systems. The selection of applied normalized values ​​is based on the categories of objects. Therefore, before looking for the desired value, it is necessary to determine the class or category of the road in accordance with existing documentation. If this is not possible, you can use the simplest indicators as a guide: the number of traffic lanes, the presence or absence of a dividing strip and the approximate throughput.

It should also be taken into account that for roads with non-standard geometry or with a surface other than asphalt concrete (paving stones, cement concrete), as well as for roads located in the northern construction-climatic zone of the Asian part of Russia (see figure), the average brightness, and also, its overall and longitudinal uniformity is not standardized

.

Schematic map of the northern construction-climatic zone
The average brightness or average illumination of the road surface of roads and streets intersecting at the same level must correspond to the values ​​​​established for the main road or street at a distance of at least 100 m from the junction line. At exits and branches of roads and streets intersecting at different levels, within the boundaries of a traffic intersection, the average illumination value should be at least 20 lux (for similar objects outside settlements - at least 10 lux). The average brightness or average illumination of the road surface of local streets adjacent to a main road or street must be at least 1/3 of the values ​​​​established for the corresponding road or street, but not lower than the normalized value for a local street at a distance of at least 100 m from connection lines.

With a standardized average brightness of more than 0.80 cd/m² or an average illumination of more than 15 lux for the roadway of city streets, roads and squares, as well as for public roads outside the boundaries of settlements, it is allowed to reduce these standards at night by turning off some of the lamps or reducing their power by 30% and 50%, respectively, when the traffic intensity is reduced to 1/3 and 1/5 of the maximum value, respectively. Partial switching off of lamps at night is not allowed when they are installed one at a time on a support.

Connection diagrams

The connection diagram of a photo relay for street lighting is simple: a phase and a zero are supplied to the input of the device, from the output the phase is supplied to the load (lights), and the zero (minus) to the load comes from the machine or from the bus.

Connection diagram for photo relay for lighting (lantern)

If you do everything according to the rules, the connection of wires must be done in a distribution box (junction box). Choose a sealed model for outdoor location and install it in an accessible place. How to connect a photo relay to street lighting in this case is shown in the diagram below.

Connecting a photosensor via a junction box

If you need to turn on/off a powerful lamp on a pole, the design of which has a choke, it is better to add a starter (contactor) to the circuit. It is designed for frequent switching on and off and can withstand inrush currents normally.

Connection diagram of a day-night sensor with a starter

If the light should be turned on only while a person is there (in an outdoor toilet, near a gate), a motion sensor is added to the photo relay. In such a combination, it is better to first install a light-sensitive switch, and after it a motion sensor. With this design, the motion sensor will only trigger in the dark.

Connection diagram for photo relay with motion sensor

As you can see, the schemes are simple, you can easily do it yourself.

Requirements for installation of lamps

As a rule, lamps for lighting roads are installed on lighting poles connected by an overhead power line (OHL). If it is intended to service devices from a telescopic tower, then they are located above the overhead line wires or at the level of the lower overhead line wires. In both cases, the horizontal distance from the lamp to the nearest power line wire must be at least 0.6 m. If the lamps are serviced in a different way, then they are installed below the overhead line. In this case, the distance from the lamp to the nearest wire must be at least 0.2 and 0.4 meters vertically and horizontally, respectively.

When hanging lamps on cables, measures must be taken to prevent them from swinging under the influence of wind.

Placement of supports

The supports of lighting installations for roads, streets and squares must be located at a certain distance from the front edge of the side stone (curb) - the actual border of the roadway - to the outer surface of the support:

• not less than 1.75 m in the absence of side stones (curb);
• at least 1 m on main streets and roads with heavy traffic;
• not less than 0.6 m on other streets and roads;
• not less than 0.3 m, provided there are no public transport or trucks on the road.

For roads located on the territory of an industrial enterprise, it is recommended to install lighting poles at least 1 m from the edge of the roadway. Although it is possible to reduce this distance to 0.6 m.

If the road has a dividing strip at least 4 m wide, it is allowed to install lighting poles in the center of the dividing strips.

On roads with ditches, it is allowed to install supports behind the ditch if the distance from it to the edge of the roadway does not exceed 4 m.

It is recommended to install supports at intersections and junctions of streets and roads at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the beginning of the curve of the sidewalks, without disturbing the installation lines of the supports.

If the support is installed on bridges and transport overpasses, then it should be located in the alignment of the fences in steel frames or on flanges attached to the load-bearing elements of the structure.

If a street or road has a “green fence” - trees planted in rows, then the lamps should be installed outside the tree crowns on elongated brackets facing the roadway, or on a cable suspension.

For reliable orientation of drivers and pedestrians in the dark, lamps in a row should be positioned so that the line they form clearly indicates the direction of the road or street.

Lamp installation height

The installation height of lighting fixtures above the roadway must be at least 6.5 m. To illuminate traffic junctions and squares, it is allowed to install lamps at a height of 20 m or more (but not less than 10 m from the road surface of the upper level of the junction), provided that the safety of their maintenance is ensured - lowering lamps, arrangement of special platforms, etc.

In parapets and fences of bridges and overpasses made of non-combustible materials, it is allowed to place lighting devices at a height of 0.9 - 1.3 m above the roadway, subject to mandatory protection from access to live parts, lamps and ballasts. You should also ensure a protective angle of the lamp of at least 10 degrees.

Luminous flux limitation

On streets, roads and in transport areas of areas for which illumination is standardized, the luminous intensity of lamps installed at angles of 80 and 90 degrees from the vertical in the direction of drivers is limited to limit values ​​equal to 30 and 10 cd, respectively, per 1000 lm of luminous flux of the lamp.

When illuminating large areas and traffic intersections, lamps installed on supports with a height of 20 m or more must ensure the direction of maximum light intensity at an angle of no more than 65 degrees from the vertical. The luminous intensity of a lamp at angles of 80, 85 and 90 degrees from the vertical in the direction of drivers should not exceed the limit values ​​of 50, 30 and 10 cd, respectively, per 1000 lm of its luminous flux.

Characteristics of street lamp

Proper and high-quality lighting is one of the components of a comfortable life, so it is important not only indoors, but also outdoors. You can highlight areas using special devices

A high-quality street lamp attached to a pole, other support, or without it at all must have the following characteristics:

1. Resistance to voltage surges
   . Modern technologies have stepped forward and now protection is used in lighting devices.
2. Anti-vandal coating and resistance to external influences
   . You need to take a responsible approach to choosing a case.
3. No ripple at low frequencies
   . A street lamp should not flicker because it affects the well-being of people looking at the light emitted.
4. Environmental friendliness
   . An important point here is the cost of subsequent disposal of the material.

Annual cleaning and service factor

Operating factor (MF)

shows the ratio of the average illumination on a site of an object - in this case, a road, created by a lighting installation at the end of the established service life, to the average illumination on the same site, created at the beginning of operation. That is, if a lamp has a service life of 10 years, the service factor shows how much the illumination of the road from this lamp will decrease after these 10 years. Previously, a similar characteristic was used for calculations - the safety factor, which is the inverse of the operating factor (MF = 1 / KZ).

The operation coefficient takes into account the decrease in the lighting characteristics of lamps due to contamination and aging of the translucent parts of the structure, as well as due to the degradation of the light sources themselves and the failure of their individual parts (individual LEDs, for example). The following MF values ​​are used for calculations:

• 0.7 - for sources based on metal halide lamps;
• 0.75 - for sources based on sodium lamps;
• 0.8 - for LED sources.

But these values ​​are only valid if regular cleaning

lighting devices
at least twice a year
.

Lampshades for lanterns

The most important thing to pay attention to when examining such products is their lampshade. Lamps in the shape of a ball or cylinder are widely used

The most interesting thing about all the listed types is their lampshades. This is part of the lantern design, which embodied all the creative ideas of not only blacksmiths, but also glassblowers.

• As a rule, decorative lanterns were placed directly on buildings. In our country you rarely see such a beautiful decorative element, unlike England, France and Italy.
• Such products were created to order and emphasized what distinguished this building. For example, if the owner opened a tobacco shop, the lantern could be decorated with a pipe or the outline of tobacco leaves.
• The pharmacy lantern had green glass and was decorated with a cross. In a modern city, you see such lanterns less and less often, but they remain in the memory for a long time.

Features of individual groups of objects

Regardless of the intensity of traffic, the average brightness of the surface of highways with high-speed traffic outside the city at the main entrances to airports, river and sea ports should be at least 1.6 cd/m².

By agreement with the city administration, it is allowed to increase the average brightness value by 0.20 cd/m² or the average illumination by 5 lux for streets, roads and squares of categories A (except for class A1) and B, as well as outside the city at the entrances to airports, train stations, hyper - and supermarkets.

Roads and streets with tram and trolleybus tracks

The height of placement of lamps on streets, roads and squares with tram and trolleybus traffic should be taken into account the height of hanging contact wires according to SP 98.13330.2012. But in any case, the installation height of the lamps must be at least 8 m to the rail head for tram tracks and at least 9 m from the roadway level for trolleybus routes.

The vertical distance from the wires of street lighting lines to the crossbars of the contact network must be at least 0.5 m.

The average illumination and uniformity of illumination of tram tracks located on the roadways of streets must correspond to the corresponding values ​​for these streets. The average illumination on a separate tram track should be at least 6 lux, on landing areas - 10 lux. It is allowed not to illuminate separate tram tracks on stretches outside urban areas.

Roads and streets of rural settlements, gardening partnerships and dacha cooperatives

For this category of objects, the average illumination of the road surface and its uniformity are standardized. For main streets and squares of public and shopping centers, the average illumination should be at least 10 lux, for main residential streets - at least 6 lux, for alleys - at least 4 lux. Illumination uniformity should be at least 0.25.

For village roads and driveways on the territory of gardening partnerships and dacha cooperatives, the average illumination of the road surface should be at least 2 lux with a uniformity of at least 0.10.

Railroad crossings

On the section of the road adjacent to the railway crossing, lighting standards must comply with the standards established for this category of road. But within the boundaries of the crossing, a different standard applies - the lighting of these objects is regulated by GOST R 54984. The standardized surface in this case is at the level of the crossing flooring within its borders on the side of the highway. The minimum level of illumination - regardless of the category of crossing - is 5 lux.

Classification by installation method

This is a very important parameter that determines the available lighting options in specific conditions. For some, you can use wiring from home, while others will need to run a separate cable or install an off-grid solar-powered system. There are 4 groups.

Wall mounted

Attached directly to the wall of a house or other building. With their help, they illuminate a limited functional area (storage area for garden tools, passages, the door of an outbuilding, etc.).

Hanging

They are mounted to the ceiling of terraces, gazebos or verandas, and it is also possible to attach them to a vertical surface using a bracket. They are street chandeliers.

Floor lamp type

A popular and extensive group of lamps. The design contains a pillar or column and a lamp-shade. Depending on the height of the support, the coverage radius also changes.

In summer cottages, low lawn lanterns on a post-rod for digging into the ground are common. A separate variety is floating lanterns for a pond, in which the stand is modified into a flat base.

Built-in

They are installed in any base (brickwork, stair steps, stone curbs, plaster statues).

A separate subspecies includes underwater lamps for illuminating a pool, artificial pond or fountain bowl. The purpose of such devices is spatial delimitation and decorative effect.

List of regulatory documents

• GOST R 33382-2015 Public automobile roads. Technical classification
• GOST R 54984-2012 External lighting of railway transport facilities. Standards and methods of control
• GOST R 58107.1-2018 Lighting of public roads. Norms and calculation methods
• Electrical Installation Rules (PUE), seventh edition
• SP 34.13330.2012 Highways (updated edition of SNiP 2.05.02-85)
• SP 52.13330.2016 Natural and artificial lighting (updated edition of SNiP 23-05-95)
• SP 98.13330.2012 Tram and trolleybus lines (updated edition of SNiP 2.05.09-90)

see also

• Street and main lamps
• Analogues of GKU lamps
• Analogs of housing and communal services lamps
• Analogs of RKU lamps

Ready solutions

Lighting of class A1 roads Class A1 roads include the most heavily loaded highways. Therefore, the most stringent requirements are applied to their lighting solutions. For the solutions presented here, high-power luminaires with wide luminaires and a large suspension height are used. Lighting of class A2 roads Lighting solutions for class A2 roads are similar to those for A1 roads, but they use lower power luminaires and a larger distance between supports, which makes them less expensive. Lighting of class A3 roads This article contains 3 solutions for lighting class A3 roads - main roads and city streets used by all types of transport. The projects are based on Pandora LED, Focus and Ferex lamps. Road lighting class A4 Economical solutions for lighting four-lane roads with average energy consumption of 2 kW/h per year per square meter of roadway. Calculations were performed using Pandora LED, LEDeffect and Ferex lamps. Lighting of roads of class B1 Solutions for lighting of roads of class B1 using LEDeffect, LeaderLight and Ferex lamps. A good example of the fact that more does not always mean better. B2 class road lighting Three solutions for B2 class road lighting for a distance between lighting masts from 30 to 45 meters based on Pandora LED, Ferex and Focus lamps. Road lighting class B1 The least trafficked four-lane roads among our solutions. Low-power luminaires and large distances between lighting poles make such solutions cost-effective both during the construction phase and beyond. Class B2 road lighting Economical solutions for lighting small city streets based on Pandora LED, Ferex and Focus lamps with lighting poles placed on one side of the road. Class B3 road lighting Economical solutions for lighting small city streets with an estimated power of about 1 kilowatt per 1 kilometer of road surface. Based on LEDeffect, LeaderLight, Ferex lamps.