Modern technologies, equipment and tools have greatly simplified some construction operations. This is especially true for those processes where brute human force was used. For example, screwing/unscrewing screws or bolts. Today the problem is that screwdrivers have appeared. Let's figure out how to choose a screwdriver, what characteristics you need to pay attention to.
How to choose a screwdriver Source www.vesinstrument.by
Classification of screwdrivers
In principle, there is no classification as such. It’s just that many people confuse some screwdriver-like tools with it. For example, electric screwdrivers and impact wrenches. They differ from each other only in that they perform highly specialized work. Using the first one you can tighten/unscrew screws, screws and self-tapping screws. Using the second, nuts and bolts, that is, fasteners with hex heads.
A screwdriver differs from the two tools in that it is a universal device. It can be used to tighten or unscrew any type of threaded fastener. To do this, you just need to change the nozzle.
But it should also be noted that both electric screwdrivers and impact wrenches are quite popular today. For example, the first one. This is a small tool that has proven itself in hard-to-reach places. And also in places where it is inconvenient to use a large tool. These screwdrivers are used in the assembly of household appliances, small furniture and in other industries.
An electric screwdriver is similar to a screwdriver Source m1.repka.com.ua
Many builders give preference to them when the task is to build a suspended ceiling. Screwdrivers are a lightweight, convenient tool, so your hands raised up don’t get tired of them.
As for the varieties, there are two of them on the market:
- pistol type;
- cylindrical, which in its design has a hinge that allows the cylinder to bend at the required angle.
Small size and light weight are achieved through the use of batteries in the tool. Hence the low rotation speed - from 150 to 250 rpm. But it is enough to tighten any threaded fastener with a tightening of up to 10 Nm. Of course, there are also relatively powerful models on the market with rotation speeds of up to 600 rpm.
If you don’t have a screwdriver in your arsenal of household construction tools, you have a drill. That's why you can buy an electric screwdriver for it. It surpasses a screwdriver in its responsibilities, but is much inferior in functionality. Typically, the package includes several bits with hex shanks.
As for the impact wrench, this tool is rarely used in construction. It can be seen on assembly production lines or in automobile repair shops. This is where he comes in handy. This tool is available in pistol shape, cylindrical and angular.
We must pay tribute to the power of the impact wrenches; this characteristic varies from 350 to 1300 W. The rotation speed of the tool is low, but this is what makes it possible to increase the torque, which allows you to tighten the fastener up to 300 Nm.
Network-type impact wrench Source ozon-st.cdn.ngenix.net
Makita DF333DWYE4
build quality;
nice design;
comfortable handle;
there is a reverse mode;
2 spare batteries included.
inconvenient case;
insufficient power for professional use.
Makita DF333DWAE
Impactless screwdriver in the mid-price range. The functionality and power of the device is quite enough for home and professional use. The maximum drilling diameter for wood is 2.1 cm, and for metal – 1 cm. The user can select 1 of 2 speed modes. Maximum rotation speed – 1700 rpm.
The launch occurs when you press a key on the case; it is also used to change modes. The operator will be able to adjust the bit rotation speed himself, taking into account the type of fastener and material. Among the additional options, buyers note the presence of a reverse mode and a mode for drilling holes in wood and metal.
The device has reliable spindle fixation and a quick-release chuck. Makita DF333DWAE is powered by a 2 Ah battery. A total of 2 batteries are included in the package. In addition, the kit includes a 2-sided bit, a charger, a convenient case and instructions.
Anti-slip pads on the handles
About screwdrivers
Choosing a screwdriver is not an easy process. Because there is a huge assortment of this tool on the market. Firstly, it should be noted that it has a basic pistol configuration. And this is the only criterion that is the same for all models. Accordingly, the filling of the instrument is the same. The housing is made either from impact-resistant plastic or in the form of an all-metal mold.
There is one more mandatory element in every screwdriver - this is a ratchet, also known as a torque limiting mechanism. That is, if the load limit on the tool has exceeded the required parameters, a characteristic sound is produced, indicating that work must be stopped.
So, what should you pay attention to when choosing a screwdriver for your home?
Tool selection criteria and characteristics
If you are faced with exactly this question, then you must first decide for yourself - for what operations are you going to purchase this power tool. Plus, what will be the intensity of its operation. And this is precisely what can be considered the basic points from which you will have to build when choosing a screwdriver for your home.
Choosing the right screwdriver Source postroika.biz
Batteries
Whatever the experts say, you need to start your choice with power supplies, which in terms of price are half the cost of a screwdriver. And if the device is still in decent technical condition, but the batteries are “dead,” then you have a big problem. Because manufacturers try not to sell batteries separately. The reason is clear.
There are two characteristics of rechargeable batteries that form the basis for their selection. These are capacitance and voltage.
What depends on the voltage is the power of the tool and its torque. Accordingly, these two parameters determine the functionality of the screwdriver. Today, manufacturers offer power tools with voltages of 9.6 V, 12, 14.4, and 18. These are household-class models, while professional ones have characteristics up to 36 V.
Battery for a screwdriver Source psk-remont.ru
Which screwdriver to choose based on voltage from the range offered. The first one is very low-power. They can screw a self-tapping screw into drywall - nothing more. The last one is expensive. Therefore, we recommend a 14.4 V screwdriver.
Attention! In the model range of each manufacturer there are devices with almost the same characteristics. But their batteries have different voltages. Please note that power supplies cannot be replaced in this case. Because the electric motor of the tool is designed for a certain voltage.
Now, what is capacity, which is indicated in amp-hours - Ah or Ah. This parameter shows how long the tool can work without recharging the batteries. For household appliances, this characteristic does not exceed 2 hours.
So, two characteristics of power supplies. What else to pay attention to when choosing them. There are three types of batteries.
Screwdriver, batteries and charger Source i.ebayimg.com/
Ni-Cd – nickel-cadmium
These batteries are the cheapest, so manufacturers often use them in mid-range screwdrivers. So to speak, in mass use, although they have long been replaced by more modern models.
Their advantages include:
- low price;
- good tolerance to low temperatures;
- These devices are not afraid of full discharge, which greatly distinguishes them from other modifications.
However, it should be noted that Ni-Cd batteries have significantly more disadvantages:
- low capacity – no more than 2 hours;
- “lifetime” is minimal – no more than 1000 discharges/charges;
- self-discharging is a common thing, that is, if the screwdriver has been lying idle for a long time, then it will have to be charged;
- charging can only be carried out when the capacity is reduced to zero, without this it is useless to charge the tool, it will still be “0”;
- Batteries of this type are subject to special disposal because they can harm the environment.
And yet, nickel-cadmium batteries are considered workhorses, so to speak. If used correctly, they will more than pay for themselves.
Nickel-cadmium batteries inside the power supply of a screwdriver Source rusinstrument.com
Ni-MH – nickel metal hydride
This type of battery is an attempt to get rid of the shortcomings of the previous model. True, not everything worked out. Therefore, the advantages:
- harmless production and disposal;
- high capacity – up to 3 hours;
- compact dimensions;
- The memory is not so strong in terms of forced discharge to zero before charging.
Minuses:
- high cost compared to the previous power source;
- Recharge cycle has been reduced to 500;
- high self-discharge;
- do not work well in the cold;
- Batteries should not be stored in a completely discharged state.
Such a difference in price and low performance made these batteries unclaimed. So you won’t find screwdrivers with them.
Nickel-metal hydride batteries for screwdrivers Source elektroznatok.ru
Li-Ion – lithium-ion
We can say that this variety is the most modern and advanced batteries for power tools. And if you are faced with the task of choosing a cordless screwdriver, then choose one that includes this type of power supply.
Their advantages:
- you can recharge at any time, even when partially discharged;
- charging speed is high;
- high capacity;
- low self-discharge, if the device lies for a year without use, then it will discharge by 20%, no more;
- can be operated at low temperatures;
- recharge cycle – up to 3000.
Not without its drawbacks:
- high price;
- do not charge at low temperatures;
- You cannot discharge it to zero, because the batteries will not charge.
Manufacturers solved the last drawback simply. They insert a protective circuit into the electrical circuit of the screwdriver, which prevents the batteries from being completely discharged. And this circuit must include an indicator that shows the degree of charge. Conveniently, you can visually control charging.
Lithium-ion battery for a screwdriver Source postroika.biz
So, how to choose a cordless screwdriver for your home based on the type of battery installed. It is clear that many manufacturers, reducing the cost of tools, install nickel-cadmium models. They fully justify their price. But if you need a screwdriver that will work for a long time and not create problems in this regard, then choose expensive ones with lithium-ion batteries.
Advice! Choose a screwdriver that comes with two batteries. You work with one, keep the second on charge.
Model rating
Depending on the given voltage, you can determine the most popular models:
- Among the 10.8-hole screwdrivers, Makita DF030 DWE and BOSCH GSR10.8-LI L-BOXX stand out;
- for 12-volt variants - AEG BS12G2 LI-152C and Makita 6271DWAE;
- from 14.4 V samples - Bosch PSR14.4 LI-2 and Makita BDF343 SHE;
- Among the 18V units are RYOBI RID1801M and DeWALT DCD780C2.
Electromechanical characteristics
Here it is necessary to take into account the capabilities of two components: the electric motor and the gearbox. Let's start with the first one.
Today, some manufacturers still install drives with commutators and brushes in power tools. It's cheaper. A reliable design, but not without its shortcomings. The main disadvantage is the friction force between the brushes and the commutator. And friction is the release of thermal energy. Therefore, such devices heat up quickly. Often such an electric motor began to spark if work was carried out in damp rooms.
Today, brushless devices with electronic control have replaced the old model. Firstly, the absence of friction led to an increase in the screwdriver's power and, accordingly, productivity. Secondly, it became possible not to use the electric drive housing. That is, the parts are simply installed into the body of the tool itself. And this means weight reduction, plus ease of use.
As for the gearbox, when choosing, it is necessary to clarify what materials it is made of. The thing is that the gearbox experiences significant loads. And if it is made of low quality materials, then its lifespan is greatly reduced. For example, plastic gears will fail faster than metal ones.
Brush electric drive of a screwdriver Source ad-cd.net
And other characteristics that answer the question of which screwdriver is better:
- The rotation speed of the working body, or rather the spindle. There is no point in chasing high performance here, because 500 rpm is enough to screw in fasteners. If the screwdriver is also used for drilling, then 1500 rpm is also considered sufficient.
- Typically, the rotation speed changes when the trigger is pulled. The deeper, the higher the speed. There are models where there is a separate switch located on top of the case. This option is more convenient.
- Torque. Unit of measurement – Nm. An important characteristic on which the screwing force of the fastener depends. For example, 10 Nm is suitable for small fasteners. For large ones 25 Nm. It all depends on what hopes you have for the instrument.
Please note that a ring located near the spindle is used to change the torque. There is a scale on it. The numbers are simply a sequential number of torque increases, not a fastener diameter size.
Probably all screwdrivers have a function for switching the direction of spindle rotation. Without it, the instrument loses all its meaning.
Forced stop of spindle rotation. That is, as soon as the finger is removed from the trigger, the rotation should stop. All modern models have this function. But if you come across an old design of a tool, then it is better to abandon it.
Torque adjustment ring Source dominstrumenta.com.ua
Types of cartridges
A review of screwdrivers shows that today almost all models are equipped with so-called quick-release chucks. It is with their help that you can quickly replace a drill or bit. This element is available on the market in two varieties: single- or double-clutch.
The first ones are easy to use. Installed with one hand. However, the spindle should not rotate. Therefore, many models have a locking function. It can be automatic, that is, as soon as the rotation has stopped, the spindle is blocked. And forced using a button.
Double-clutch chuck for screwdriver Source cdn.vseinstrumenti.ru
The latter are more difficult to operate. To replace the working tool in them, you need to hold the lower coupling with one hand, and release or tighten the upper coupling with the other hand.
There are also screwdrivers on the market with old jaw chucks, which require a special key. The latter always disappears somewhere, so replacing the working tool becomes a problem. But we must pay tribute that many masters keep the cam variety in reserve. With their help, you can bring the screwing to maximum parameters.
If your goal is how to choose a screwdriver for your home, that is, you will be doing small jobs using this tool, then we recommend purchasing a tool without a chuck. An adapter for a ¼-inch hexagon is installed at the end of the spindle.
Other selection criteria
What other additional functions will help you choose a cordless screwdriver:
- If there is a shock function, then this is a big plus. It is clear that you cannot drill through concrete walls with a screwdriver, but it can handle brick or gas silicate without any problems.
- The removable side handle is also a plus when drilling. It emphasizes effort.
- Pulse work will make it possible to deal with rusted threaded connections. Electric impact wrenches have this feature by default.
- Built-in lighting located under the chuck or at the bottom of the handle. The latter option is preferable, because, as practice has shown, some cartridges block the LED beam.
- Product weight. The smaller it is, the more convenient it will be to work, especially at heights.
- Contents of delivery. The more additional elements, the better. For example, a flashlight, a charger, an additional battery, cases or belts into which the tool is inserted while working. Let's add a set of bits and drills, an adapter, a chuck, and an eccentric. The latter is used when it is necessary to transmit rotation to the working tool with an offset relative to the spindle axis.
Let’s make a reservation: the wider the equipment, the more expensive the instrument.
Belt for carrying a screwdriver Source i.ebayimg.com
BOSCH GSR 18V-50
light weight;
sufficient power;
does not overheat;
there is a backlight;
convenient case;
brushless motor.
loud noise when the charger is running.
BOSCH GSR 180-LI
A high-quality model that will be the optimal solution for users who want to find a durable screwdriver. The battery voltage is 18 V, which indicates the high performance of the product. The total weight of the Bosch GSR 180-LI is 1.6 kg, so your hands will not get tired even after long periods of work.
The screwdriver is suitable for working with fasteners and making holes. The user has the opportunity to select 1 of 2 speed modes. Bosch GSR 180-LI has 21 torque stages. There is illumination of the working surface, useful when working in remote places. Electronic overload protection is responsible for the safety of the device.
The screwdriver comes with 2 batteries: while charging one battery, the second one is used for work. The capacity of the battery itself is 1.5 Ah. Also included with the Bosch GSR 180-LI is a charger that is equipped with a permanent power cord.
