How to choose a UPS for a computer: what are the differences and rating the best

Expert selection:

Mini rating (updated in 2022)

How to choose an uninterruptible power supply

After getting acquainted with the presented nominees, all that remains is to decide which one to buy. We recommend defining the operating conditions in advance, comparing several characteristics with them - device type, power, presence of power connectors, battery life.

Device type

Uninterruptible power supplies may differ in the operating mechanism, design and principle of operation. The most in demand are 3 types of uninterruptible power supplies:

• backup models are the most inexpensive models, which are appropriate in conditions of rare power outages; they will withstand no more than 5-10 minutes of operation before discharge;
• interactive - or linear-interactive (Smart Ups) with an AVR stabilizer, it turns off only when the voltage deviation is high;
• double conversion - expensive “online” UPSs that provide the best quality of power supply without the risk of voltage failure even when switching to backup power.

The first option is universal; it will cope with minor power surges, but it is more of an uninterruptible power supply for the home. The second is optimal for home/office use. The third gives stable performance in any conditions.

Power

The manufacturer indicates this characteristic in units of measurement “VA”. This is the maximum total power produced by the equipment connected to the device. Using current clamps and a multimeter, you can determine this parameter for different equipment used at maximum load.

Power connectors

Another important selection parameter is the number and types of connectors on the UPS case. It is important to consider how many devices will be used. Most often, manufacturers use the following interfaces and slots:

• standard socket for household appliances;
• battery powered socket;
• a slot through which you can control a PC;
• slot for connecting telephone and network lines;
• socket connecting the UPS to the mains;
• special connectors for self-diagnosis and monitoring (COM, USB).

The most expensive modifications are those that include all of the listed slots at once. This means that the list of situations where they will be useful is extensive.

Battery life

The third determining factor for the buyer is battery life. A lot here depends on the type of battery, its capacity, and the total power of the connected consumer devices. The number must be written in the instructions. With rapid discharge, in 5-10 minutes the battery is capable of delivering 20-30% of the installed nominal capacity.

Why do you need a UPS for a computer?

UPS stands for uninterruptible power supply. So, an uninterruptible power supply for a computer ensures the functioning of the load during power surges. And in the event of a power outage, it ensures uninterrupted operation of all switched on equipment. There are budget options with traditional protection and a short operating time, but this time is enough to complete the work correctly.

Layout of an uninterruptible power supply in a server room

It is worth noting the advantages of a UPS for the home:

• Protect your computer from damage when unexpectedly disconnected from the network. In this case, you can safely close all open files and properly turn off the equipment.
• Protection against surge voltage.
• If there is a battery, the equipment can work even when turned off.
• The required voltage level is ensured even without additional devices.
• Protection against high or too low voltage.
• Ability to switch to backup power.

The operation scheme of uninterruptible equipment is simple: in a normal situation, the load is fed from the network, and if the voltage disappears, it switches to battery mode.

Some models are equipped with a voltage stabilization function at the input and output. UPS models have a special input for printers.

Uninterruptible system with battery

Kinds

It was said above that there are three types of uninterruptible power supply: standby, interactive and double conversion. For each case, one or another type of uninterruptible power supply is suitable. We will talk in more detail about their use and the functions they perform below.

Spare

This type of uninterruptible power supply will suit the consumer who rarely experiences power outages or power surges. Backup UPS is the best option for such a case. Autonomous operation is limited to 5 - 10 minutes, which is enough to disconnect the computer from the network.

Interactive

If you experience frequent power outages and surges, you should purchase an interactive UPS. They cost more than their backup counterparts, but choosing them is cheaper than repairing office equipment after exposure to similar incidents.

The price is higher than the previous type of device, largely due to the use of a more complex circuit. It allows you not to switch to offline mode during surges, but equalizes the voltage thanks to the built-in transformer. The battery is turned on only during emergency situations when it is not possible to achieve a normal, stable supply of electricity.

Double conversion

The most expensive are double conversion sources. Their purchase is justified when it comes to uninterrupted operation of servers.

Their operating principle is much more complex than that of the previously mentioned uninterruptible power supplies. Power to connected devices is supplied both from the network and from a UPS battery. The mains voltage is supplied to the equipment filter, interruptions are smoothed out, and high-frequency interference is suppressed.

Then the current is rectified using diodes. Next, the rectified electricity is supplied to the inverter, where it again becomes alternating and is supplied to the devices consuming it.

It is not advisable to use such a UPS with a home computer.

UPS cold start

The cold start function is declared for most UPSs. This means that you can turn on the computer when there is no power at the outlet.

In reality, this is not the normal operating mode of the UPS and can lead to failure of both the UPS itself and the computer. Don't just experiment with this feature.

The cold start function requires that the UPS be of high quality, with a power reserve and a good battery. When the computer starts, a large jump in current occurs and it is better to turn on the monitor after the PC boots.

It is recommended to use the cold start function only in case of emergency, if you urgently need to get some file from your computer for work.

comparison table

Place in the ranking/Name Expert rating Price range, rub.

*prices are valid for January 2022

When selecting models, we considered not only the technical characteristics of the devices, but also considered reviews from those users who had already purchased a specific UPS. Therefore, the review turned out to be as complete as possible.

Major manufacturers of UPS for computers

Different manufacturers offer UPS models for computers; the price of the devices depends on the equipment and specific functionality. The most popular companies are Huawei , APC , Powercom , Bastion , Helior and CyberPower . These manufacturers produce high-quality and sought-after equipment. By focusing on manufacturers, you can choose the best device option based on functionality and cost.

For home use and connecting basic types of equipment, the Ippon Back Comfo Pro 600 New option is suitable. For a teenager's room, the more suitable option is the Powercom WOW 850 U. For equipping a home office, the APC by Shneider Electric model is more suitable. If you need to connect large equipment, you can install a device with high power - PComPro 3 S.

Double conversion models

The best line-interactive UPSs

These are the most affordable uninterruptible power supplies you can find on the market. They are usually equipped exclusively with batteries and do not have additional functionality. Therefore, they are suitable for use with home PCs.

Powercom RAPTOR RPT-600A EURO

This UPS can connect up to three different devices via Euro input connectors. Due to the low noise level, there will be no unnecessary interference to work. The cooling system of the device will allow you not to worry about its heating in conditions of increased energy consumption. The UPS is of the Line-Interactive type.

This will provide you with high reliability, protection from both short circuits and overloads, as well as from deep battery discharge. The device weighs only 4.2 kg, so transporting it to another location will not be difficult. Here, a stepwise approximation of a sinusoid is used as the output signal.

An excellent model for personal computers and other similar equipment: it quickly switches to batteries, does not require software installation, uses reliable circuitry, has a mains voltage stabilizer, and can save PC components during network problems.

• Price: from 2,489 rubles.
• Customer rating: 4.0.
• Output power: 600 VA / 360 W.
• Charging time: 4 hours
• Features: there is an audible alarm, a cold start option, as well as automatic fuses.

Advantages:

• Noise level 40 dB;
• Single phase voltage;
• 3 Euro sockets powered by batteries;
• Voltage 160 – 275 V;
• Possibility of battery replacement;
• Overload and short circuit protection;
• Output voltage stability ± 5%.

Flaws:

• No significant ones were found.

Powercom RAPTOR RPT-2000AP

10,000 (2000 VA)

Good inexpensive high power UPS. An acceptable option for the case when there are problems in the energy supply, but there is not enough financing to purchase the same APC. The output signal has a stepped form, but 1200 W allows you to count on holding a computer with a 600-watt power supply built according to the APFC circuit with autovoltage. That's the minimum.

In addition, the more capacious the battery, the longer the operation in generation mode and the later the need to replace it arises. This relates to the question of what is better: a correct sinusoid of lower power or an approximated one of higher power.

Any other equipment will continue to work without problems, even if the input voltage decreases/increases, or even if it completely disappears. Of course, we are not talking about household appliances with transformers or electric motors.

This UPS does not have any bells and whistles, but advanced users will be able to configure some parameters using the bundled software.

Advantages:

• attractive price;
• large power reserve.

Flaws:

• difficult access to the battery compartment;
• noticeable fan noise;
• AVR with one step boost.

Models in the line:

• Powercom RAPTOR RPT-2000AP – 2000 VA
• Powercom RAPTOR RPT-1025AP – 1025 VA
• Powercom RAPTOR RPT-1500AP – 1500 VA

IPPON Back Basic 850S Euro

This model belongs to the linear-interactive type, due to which it is compact, economical and has the ability to stabilize the input voltage, the operating values ​​of which can vary from 162 to 285 V. Due to the effective output power of 480 W, the battery life can reach 1.5 minutes when loading at 390 Tue.

The UPS is built in a rugged housing and equipped with LED indicators that display key operating information. There are 3 Euro sockets for connection. There is also a USB-B output on the case. Thanks to the first-class components at the heart of the design, this model is highly reliable and can provide protection against impulses and surges.

• Price: from 3,935 rubles.
• Customer rating: 4.0.
• Output power: 850 VA / 480 W.
• Charging time: 4 hours
• Features: the power supply runs on 1 battery and does not support its replacement; the noise level during operation reaches 40 dB.

Advantages:

• Switch to battery in 10 ms;
• Voltage 162 – 275 V;
• Protection against surges and impulses;
• There is a USB port;
• Sound alarm;
• 3 euro sockets;
• Noise at 40 dB;
• At half load up to 13.5 minutes from battery;
• 2 years warranty.

Flaws:

• The battery cannot be replaced.

APC by Schneider Electric Smart-UPS 1000VA USB & Serial 230V

21 450

Even an “honest” sine wave does not always guarantee the absence of compatibility problems with powerful modern power supplies, but this is no longer UPS’s fault. However, with the recommended uninterruptible power supply there will be only a few such cases.

We present to you the classics of the “genre” in the gaming UPS category. Far from new, but a very solid and high-quality model that can protect the average gaming PC, as well as any other peripheral or network equipment from most typical failures and disturbances in power supply circuits.

The device has a lot of advantages over its competitors. For example, it can function normally when powered by a generator set. For many, the benefits of this feature are insignificant and not obvious, but the “computer specialists” of the same banks will appreciate it.

The device is perfectly administrable, including remotely, allows you to configure thresholds for protection circuits and AVR, supports fast automatic recovery in case of overload, and is relatively easy to maintain.

Advantages:

• compatible with APFC type power supplies;
• able to operate normally from a generator set;
• Flexibly configured and easy to manage.

Flaws:

• when replacing the battery, calibration is required;
• high price and expensive batteries.

APC by Schneider Electric Smart-UPS 1500VA LCD 230V

44 117 (1500 VA)

To reliably protect a powerful gaming station, an appropriate level of uninterruptible power supply is required. In principle, the older “brother” of the UPS discussed above from the SUA line can solve this problem, but we recommend that you pay attention to a more modern version of the same model, equipped with an informative LCD indicator (SMT1500I).

In addition to the advantages already listed, it also has several interesting features. Firstly, the battery charging voltage here depends on temperature, which allows you to extend their service life.

Secondly, it provides the possibility of programmable shutdown of less critical consumers or their restart in case of problems with power supply (controlled group of sockets). Thirdly, developed service functionality.

In particular, dynamic forecast of battery life and accounting of energy consumption. Well, operational control of the main parameters using the display is also useful. The automatic adjustment system of this UPS has two increasing stages, due to which, with the same operating range of input voltage, a smaller deviation of the output from the normal value is achieved.

Advantages:

• Compatible with all power factor correction schemes;
• functions normally when powered by an electric generator;
• switched group of sockets;
• useful intellectual “tricks”;
• greater flexibility of settings.

Flaws:

• high price.

APC by Schneider Electric Back-UPS BX1100CI-RS

13,030 (1100 VA)

Our rating of the best UPS for computers APC by Schneider Electric Back-UPS BX1100CI-RS continues. Apparently, the eminent company does not consider the ability to auto-regulate voltage to be a characteristic feature of a “smart” uninterruptible power supply, so even in its Back-UPS line there are devices of the line-interactive type (they have the BX prefix in the model designation).

From our point of view, the uninterruptible power supply in question is best suited for protecting medium-sized gaming computers and high-performance workstations. The highlight of the BX1100CI-RS is its emphasis on natural cooling.

Approximately 90% of its side walls are covered with slots that allow excess heat to be removed without turning on the fan, and at loads up to half of the maximum permissible.

For some potential buyers, the main disadvantage will be the complete absence of non-switchable sockets, but we see a more significant “minus” of this UPS as a rather long switching time to the battery (8-10 ms), which is why the protected computers can “freeze”.

Advantages:

• adjustable AVR response thresholds;
• Euro sockets;
• adequate fan operation;
• good compatibility with APFC type power supplies.

Flaws:

• there are complaints about the USB connection “falling off”;
• relatively long switching time;
• Difficulty replacing batteries.

CROWN MICRO CMU-SP1200EURO USB

The advantages of this UPS are: stylish design, wide input voltage range 140 – 290 V, protection against power surges, short circuit protection, overload protection, protection against complete battery discharge, the presence of the “Cold Start” function, a large number of EURO output sockets, removable power cable (length – 1.8 meters).

There is also a bypass output socket, local network and telephone line protection, and a metal case. It uses a stepwise sinusoid approximation, and the switching time to batteries is 4 ms. A fuse is installed, and there is also local network protection.

• Price: from 6,700 rubles.
• Customer rating: 4.3.
• Output power: 1200 VA / 720 W.
• Charging time: 8 hours
• Features: there are 4 Euro connectors with backup power and filtering.

Advantages:

• Single-phase voltage is used;
• There are LED indicators;
• All types of protection;
• Fuse installed;
• Local network protection function;
• Noise level 40 dB;
• Cold start option;
• IEC-320 C13 Bypass.

Flaws:

• Not available.

SVEN RT-500

The UPS is a line-interactive type device and is equipped with a convenient automatic start function. The model has built-in protection against power surges, short circuits and overloads, which guarantees the durability of both the source itself and other devices connected to it. It will take 8ms for the UPS to switch to battery mode and an audible alarm will sound.

The stability of the output voltage for the model will be ± 10%; there is a built-in voltage converter in the network. To make it easier to control the operation of the device, the design includes a three-position charge current switch.

The UPS is equipped with CEE 7/4 type power connectors (Euro socket), as well as built-in terminals for connecting the battery. The noise level from a working device will not exceed 56 dB.

The informative display displays all the necessary information. The only thing missing is an Ethernet port to protect the local network and network equipment. The device is designed to dampen pulse bursts. The presence of a display will also help you quickly configure this powerful UPS, which has good efficiency.

• Price: from 7,223 rubles.
• Customer rating: 4.4.
• Output power: 500 VA / 300 W.
• Charging time: no data.
• Features: This model does not come with batteries and must be purchased separately.

Advantages:

• Switch to batteries 8 ms;
• There is an LCD screen;
• Input voltage 133 – 288 V;
• Sound alarm;
• Overload protection, short circuit;
• Automatic fuses;
• Cold start option;
• Function for connecting additional batteries;
• The output waveform is a sinusoid.

Flaws:

• High noise level.

CyberPower PR1500ELCD

42 175

They ask for a significant amount of money for a recommended UPS for a reason. If the vast majority of more affordable interactive uninterruptible power supplies have one group of sockets powered by the mains/battery and a second, which is supplied with only filtered input voltage, then the PR1500ELCD model has much more sophisticated output circuits.

Here, absolutely all connections are protected from the loss of electricity in the network, but half of them are important, and the second are not critically important. In practice, this means that part of the load can be turned off at the right time manually or automatically, when predetermined conditions are met.

Well, setting a turn-on delay when power is restored for this group is also possible. In addition, the PR1500ELCD allows you to specify output voltage thresholds, i.e. “steer” it with automatic adjustment and set the battery charging speed.

By the way, when operating in economy mode, the UPS fan does not turn on. Another feature of this advanced UPS can be considered a removable (remote) control panel with a one and a half meter cable.

Advantages:

• all sockets can be supplied with autonomous power supply;
• the ability to specify rules for disconnecting non-critical loads;
• very large AVR range;
• there is a charging speed setting;
• removable control unit;
• competent implementation of fan operating modes.

Flaws:

• The remote control module must be purchased separately;
• high price.

Powercom Imperial IMP-825AP

6,300 (825 VA)

Powercom has established itself as a reliable supplier of energy-saving products. The IMP-825AP model from the Imperial series is a line-interactive uninterruptible power supply with five outlets, telephone line protection and a USB interface.

The device allows you to minimize and save work in the operating system. It has a large capacity of maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, and this despite its small size!

The reserve power is 495 W - this means that the average personal computer with a 17" monitor diagonal and a power of 150 W will work in autonomous mode for 15-20 minutes.

During a power outage, switching to batteries occurs within 2-4 ms. This UPS has a built-in voltage stabilizer AVR, which maintains the output voltage within normal limits, thereby not using the battery life when voltage fluctuations in the power supply network.

Please pay special attention that the sockets of this UPS are not standard, but special - computer IEC-320-C14, which some users may not like.

Advantages:

• Fast response to current drop
• Easy connection

Flaws:

• Non-standard sockets

SVEN RT-1000

The RT-1000 uninterruptible power supply produced by SVEN will be the best solution for establishing efficient operation of industrial and household equipment systems, including refrigeration, heating, fire protection, etc.

The stabilizer built into the UPS eliminates the risks of negative consequences of critical indicators of the output current in the network or its complete absence. This is especially true for highly sensitive parts, such as the circulation pump of a gas boiler, compressors, transformers, etc.

The presented uninterruptible power supply is equipped with built-in terminals for connecting an external battery. The SVEN RT-1000 UPS provides visual and audio indication of the main indicators and operating mode. This line-interactive device is designed for use over a wide input voltage range (145-280 V) and provides maximum uptime.

APC by Schneider Electric Back-UPS BX500CI

Among the main advantages of this uninterruptible power supply for the home are compactness and high-quality performance. I was also very pleased with the unobtrusive sound navigation with an average signal volume every 30 seconds. The only button acts as an LED. Officially, battery replacement is not supported, and the case itself is sealed. To get to it, you will have to almost completely disassemble the case.

Monitoring capabilities are completely absent. I'm glad that there is not a regular battery inside, but an improved one. However, this is more difficult to find, so this aspect remains controversial.

A UPS is essentially just a huge battery to which a computer, gas boiler or some other device is connected. In normal mode, it will work like a standard extension cord from the outlet, but when there is no power, it will immediately use the internal batteries. The latter are recommended to be changed every 3-5 years.

Energy UPS 600

Choosing an interactive uninterruptible power supply Energy UPS 600 will provide reliable protection for highly sensitive household and computer equipment from the negative impact of sudden interruptions in the power grid.

The device is equipped with a built-in relay-type stabilizer, which instantly responds to a problem and switches to battery operation in 0.01 ms. Even in conditions of complete absence of voltage, this UPS model ensures autonomous operation of electrical appliances from 3 to 20 minutes, depending on the degree of load.

The presented device is equipped with two Shuko sockets and has a multi-level degree of protection against short circuits and complete discharge of the battery. Uninterruptible power supply Energy will be the best option for the home, especially for the safe and productive operation of a computer or gas boiler.

Ippon Back Basic 650

2,500 (650 VA)

If the predominant type of power failure is a significant deviation of the supply voltage from the nominal value, and the total power consumed by your equipment is only a couple of hundred watts, it does not make sense to purchase an expensive UPS.

It is possible that the best solution to the problem would be to use an inexpensive and uninterruptible power supply equipped with a relatively simple AVR. Such as the Ippon Back Basic 650, whose automatic adjustment system can, if necessary, increase or decrease the input voltage by 15%.

Of course, the recommended UPS also provides related services such as a noise filter or short circuit/overload protection. The line includes devices with connectors such as Schuko (for Euro plug) and C13 (for computers), so choosing a model that suits your needs will not be difficult.

You just need to take into account that the shape of the output signal of any member of the Back Basic family is far from a pure sine wave, therefore, joint operation with APFC power supplies that have the so-called autovoltage (Full Range) is not guaranteed.

Advantages:

• very attractive price;
• quite decent workmanship;
• relatively quiet operation.

Flaws:

• non-removable power cable;
• USB connector on the front panel;
• There are no cables included in the package.

BASTION TEPLOCOM-100+

This “black sheep” among all UPS received the highest ratings among buyers. Its main feature can be called a combination of minimalism and silence. Externally, it is an ordinary white box with 1 battery power connector and a single output connector. In general, the assembly is quite good, and the already durable plastic is additionally reinforced with aluminum.

The technical specifications are simple. The input voltage ranges from 185 to 245 W, the operating time at full load ranges from 30 minutes, and at half load it is 60. Information is displayed using LED indicators.

It is possible to cold start and connect additional batteries or replace old ones. Protection against overloads and deep discharge has a positive effect on the durability of use, and the ability to mount on a wall will increase the comfort of use and allow you to install the device in atypical places.

How the UPS works

The UPS is a relatively small case containing an electrical circuit and a powerful battery.

The power button and indicators are usually located on the front.

And at the back there are special connectors for connecting the system unit, monitor and other computer devices that require special cords.

There are often battery-powered connectors and separate connectors with surge protection to which you can connect powerful devices such as a laser printer.

There are also UPSs with connectors for Euro plugs in the usual UPS format and so-called spiders.

This is convenient, does not require special cords and allows you to connect devices such as speakers and a router for protection.

The best backup uninterruptible power supplies

When the mains power is turned off, the backup UPS switches on operation from the built-in battery and returns to its original state after the power supply is restored. Devices of this type are characterized by quiet operation, high efficiency and, as a rule, moderate cost.

Ippon Back Office 400

Ippon UPS is designed to protect PCs and workstations from power supply problems: power surges, electromagnetic and radio frequency interference, and complete loss of power in the network. The device has a power of 200 W and maintains a stable voltage of +/-10 V. The output current shape is a modified sine wave. The average cost of the device is 3.2 thousand rubles.

Advantages:

• short circuit and overload protection;
• High efficiency – from 95%;
• LED indication;
• sound notification.

Flaws:

• connection with PC is not provided;
• short battery life (1.5 min at 100% load).

The Back Office 400 UPS is made in a plastic case, in the upper part of which the electronics are located, and in the lower part - the battery. On the front panel you can see the Power button and LED indicators of the current mode.

Powercom WOW-850U

6,000 (850 VA)

A relatively inexpensive and compact uninterruptible power supply from PowerCom. It is built according to a backup power supply scheme and cannot regulate the output voltage level in the main mode. It does not contain fuses; to “reanimate” it, you just need to press the machine button.

The output power of the UPS is 425 W, the battery charge is enough for ten minutes of PC operation. Equipped with four Euro-sockets, which are protected from foreign objects by “curtains”.

The main purpose of this uninterruptible power supply is to save all documents on a personal computer in case of a sudden power outage, and then shut down the work. In addition, it is able to provide reliable protection for active network equipment.

The case has a connector for a USB cable, as well as a telephone and local network. By the way, it is possible to correctly automatically turn off the PC when the battery charge drops below a certain level. Has functions of automatic self-testing and battery protection from deep discharge.

Advantages:

• affordable price;
• quiet operation;
• relatively small size;
• Euro sockets.

Flaws:

• output signal - stepped sinusoid;
• short battery life.

Models in the line:

• Powercom WOW-850 U – 850 VA
• Powercom WOW-1000 U – 1000 VA

Energy Guarantor 500

An uninterruptible power supply with an external rechargeable battery (purchased separately) and a built-in stabilizer that ensures that the voltage is maintained at normal voltage, without switching to battery power, even with significant voltage surges and sags. The model produces an ideal sinusoidal voltage, providing electrical appliances with noticeably better power.

It is equipped with a built-in voltage stabilizer and reliably protects against surges and surges, delivering 220V regardless of voltage fluctuations in the network. And in addition, due to the external battery, the Garant UPS is able to provide power to devices during a power outage for a much longer time than household UPSs, and this time can be easily increased by simply adding batteries.

It is worth noting that this UPS is also suitable for connecting gas boilers and other similar equipment. You just need to correctly compare the power of the gas boiler and the capabilities of the uninterruptible power supply.

This UPS with LCD screen ensures stable power supply and has an automatic switch. It is recommended for use where a smooth power supply is required. Thanks to this UPS, your electronics will always work stably.

• Price: from 9,960 rubles.
• Customer rating: 4.4.
• Output power: 500 VA / 300 W.
• Charging time: no data.
• Features: for power supply there is only one connector in the Euro socket format.

Advantages:

• 1-phase voltage;
• Operating voltage range 155 – 275 V;
• There is an LCD screen;
• There are LED indicators;
• Sound alarm;
• There is an automatic bypass;
• Overload protection, short circuit;
• Switches to batteries in 8 ms;
• Always stable work.

Flaws:

• Only one outlet.

Powercom SPIDER SPD-1000N

5 235 (1000 VA)

APC brand backup uninterruptible power supplies have a fairly narrow input voltage range. If your home or office power supply does not have good level stability, such a UPS will often switch to the battery, annoyingly clicking the relay.

With the SPIDER SPD-1000N, in this regard, everything is somewhat different - the uninterruptible power supply from Powercom goes into offline mode only when the mains voltage drops to 160-180 volts.

On the one hand, such “tolerance” is convenient for connecting equipment with high-quality switching power supplies.

On the other hand, budget computer equipment is often equipped with a power supply with a modest range of permissible voltage values, and it will not be possible to “make friends” with the SPIDER SPD-1000N.

In addition, when switching to a battery at a very low mains voltage, the maximum power of the active load is significantly limited (in the case under consideration to approximately 350 W instead of the nominal 550 W).

Advantages:

• Euro sockets;
• wide range of permissible input voltages;
• relatively clear light indication system.

Flaws:

• there are restrictions on connected equipment;
• there are complaints about the quality of contact groups;
• no dependent sockets.

APC by Schneider Electric Back-UPS BE550G-RS

8,292 (550 VA)

This uninterruptible power supply is made in the form factor of a surge protector, which is a fairly clear hint at the limited functionality of this model. Like any other backup UPS, Back-UPS BE550G-RS cannot stabilize the voltage, but only limits its excessive surges and filters high-frequency interference.

At the same time, the recommended UPS is good in terms of “smart” power consumption management, since it has one Master outlet and three controlled by it. You will no longer have to individually turn off the printer or speaker system after shutting down the computer; now this responsibility will be taken over by the uninterruptible power supply.

Of course, if you prefer APC brand UPS. Yes, other manufacturers offer something similar, but not every competitor of the BE550G-RS can boast of the ability to disable the dependence of slave sockets.

Advantages:

• does not require special network cables;
• there are Master and Slave sockets;
• switchable dependence of slave sockets;
• telephone line protection is provided;
• good handling.

Flaws:

• continuous squeaking sound when running on battery power;
• uninformative display system.

APC Back-UPS 650VA BC650-RSX761

The inexpensive APC Back-UPS with four sockets for connecting external equipment will provide reliable and long-term protection for office or home equipment. The total power of the load connected to the device is 360 W, the parameters are indicated using LED lamps. The average cost of the device is 6 thousand rubles.

Advantages:

• cold start;
• possibility of connecting an external battery;
• automatic self-diagnosis;
• battery failure notification;
• sound signals.

Flaws:

• no bypass provided;
• may become hot during operation.

In normal mode, the APC Back-UPS serves as a filter against interference that may occur on the network. The backup battery turns on 6 ms after a power outage. It takes 8 hours to recharge a completely exhausted battery.

Bastion Teplocom-600

The Teplocom-600 backup UPS from the Russian NPK Bastion is designed to ensure uninterrupted operation of gas heating boilers. The load of this type of device is the boiler control board, ignition system, and circulation pumps. The average cost of the device is 14 thousand rubles.

Advantages:

• microprocessor control;
• sinusoidal voltage output;
• several wall mounting options;
• equipped with easily removable legs;
• 5 years manufacturer's warranty.

Flaws:

• no battery included;
• not very current design.

IBC Bastion successfully copes with the task of continuous power supply to multi-circuit individual heating systems with autostart, equipped with circulation pumps. The device reliably protects equipment from network problems that can lead to premature failure of the heating system automation.

UPS output voltage waveform

The UPS output voltage form can be:

• stepped sine wave
• approximated sinusoid
• pure sine wave

Graphically this can be represented as follows.

When switching to battery power, the 12 V DC voltage is converted to 220 V AC using the internal inverter of the UPS.

In most UPSs, the output voltage shape is different from the classic sine wave that comes to us from the outlet, taking on a stepped or approximated shape.

When the first power supplies with an active power correction (APFC) module appeared, this simplified form of voltage resulted in the computer simply turning off. But this problem in power supplies has long been solved and can only appear with very ancient power supplies.

UPSs capable of producing a pure sine wave are many times more expensive than conventional ones and are not required for simple computers. They are used for specialized equipment that cannot handle simplified voltage forms.

Buy a UPS with approximate or stepped sine wave voltage, it doesn't really matter.

About power

Equipment power consumption can be reported in either Watts (W) or Volt-Amps (VA). In real life, not all the power provided by a UPS is actually consumed by the equipment (load). The active power absorbed by a load (measured in W) is the power doing useful work and is always less than the total power supplied (measured in VA). This ratio is called the load power factor, or Power Factor, PF. Thus PF is always less than one.

PF values ​​for typical load types:

• computer power supplies - 0.6;
• power supplies with simple power factor correction (passive) - 0.7-0.75;
• power supplies with advanced power factor correction (active) - 0.95-0.99;
• electric motors - 0.5-0.8 (depending on the equipment in which the engine operates);
• incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps - 0.9-1.0.

At the same time, the main characteristic of a UPS is also power. Strictly speaking, the power of a UPS is its output power, that is, the power that it can supply to its output to the consumer. The output power of a UPS is usually indicated in Volt-Amps (VA), in the vast majority of cases this figure is read in its name, for example APC SUA750i, Eaton 5SC 1500i, etc. However, the UPS itself is also an electronic circuit and has its own output power factor. That is why the technical specifications of the UPS indicate two numbers, for example:

• Output power 390W / 620VA
  - the example is typical for simple low-power line-interactive UPSs, it can be seen that the output power factor = 0.63
• Output power 8.0 kW / 10.0 kVA
  - this example of a high-power online UPS with more complex circuitry, the output power factor is already 0.8.

Thus, we have two load power values ​​and two UPS power values. The simplest procedure for selecting a UPS by power would be that the load power in VA and W should be less than the corresponding power values ​​of the UPS.

However, it should be noted that this is a simplified approach that is 100% suitable for home equipment and for simple enterprise applications (for example, a small office). We simply have known powers and must compare them. For more serious installations, more accurate calculations are required. In this case we mean:

1. Increased power consumers are more than 5-10 kVA and can extend up to megavolt-amperes.
2. Transition to three-phase power distribution, and as a result, transition to a UPS with a three-phase input and a single-phase output (usually called UPS 3/1), and with powers of 40 kVA and above it will only be a UPS with a three-phase input and three-phase output (UPS 3/3 ).

These calculations should be the topic of a separate article with specific numerical examples. But for simplicity, and without using formulas, the process of selecting a powerful UPS can be described in four stages:

• a complete list of load groups is compiled, for each of which the power is taken into account (either in W or in VA, depending on what is shown in the passports of the relevant equipment) and the power factor of these loads. As a result, the total active power of the load (W) and its apparent power (VA) are calculated.
• a UPS with a total output power value in VA is selected, capable of covering the needs for the full power of consumers (VA);
• it is checked whether the selected UPS is capable of covering the active power requirements of consumers (W), taking into account the specific situation at the facility. It is at this step that it often becomes clear that it is necessary to select the next UPS in the series, for example 60 kVA instead of 48 kVA;
• it is checked again whether the next UPS in the series should be selected due to possible increases in loads in the future, taking into account:

a) possible expansion of the project;

b) transition to a UPS design with redundancy, where additional increasing factors come into play in the calculations.

In addition, it should be noted that when choosing powerful UPSs, the following factors are taken into account:

• Such UPSs often include a power distribution unit, or PDU (traditionally abbreviated as Power Distribution Unit). In fact, this is a distribution cabinet with circuit breakers. If the PDU is not included in the UPS, it must be assembled and installed on site. This is done by contractors in agreement with the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the enterprise. At least for this reason, it is clear that choosing a powerful UPS is always a design work with electrical calculations.
• any UPS (and not only powerful ones), even without a PDU, is equipped with one or more output circuit breakers. From here it is necessary to check whether the selected UPS is able to withstand the inrush currents of consumers. For example, this is very important for variable speed drives. It is necessary either to increase the power of the UPS, or to include in the design devices for limiting inrush currents;
• interface with a generator (or diesel generator set, diesel generator set). This is a separate question, also worthy of a good article with examples of calculations. The interaction between the diesel generator set and the UPS is carried out in a complex cycle. A brief conclusion on this topic is that it is necessary to select the power of the diesel generator set higher than the power of the UPS and at the same time select the power of the UPS as accurately as possible for its load;
• it is necessary not to forget about the UPS’s own efficiency; at high powers this makes significant adjustments to the calculations;
• it is necessary to take into account electrical safety factors, including the high DC voltage that occurs along the path of connecting the UPS and a large array of its external batteries;
• it is necessary to accurately take into account the weight and size characteristics, especially the load on the building’s floors;
• climatic factors must be taken into account. The installation of a powerful UPS is inseparable from the installation of an air conditioning system for its operation, which in itself is a separate design topic.

Replacing the UPS battery

The service life of a UPS battery depends on its quality and the number of charge-discharge cycles, i.e. depends on how often the UPS will switch to battery operation and how quickly you will turn off the PC. In a high-quality UPS, the battery life is 3-5 years, depending on operating conditions.

Often in cheap Chinese UPSs, replacing the battery requires disassembling the case, which is sometimes not so easy and you can break something.

It is better to choose a UPS that has an opening compartment for replacing the battery, so that to replace it you do not need to disassemble the entire UPS or take it to a service center.

Most UPSs have an indicator indicating the need to replace the battery. But it usually starts to glow when the battery is completely dead and cannot be used. If you wait for this moment, then the next power outage, after 4-5 years of operation of the UPS, can lead to failure of both the UPS itself and the computer.

I recommend changing the UPS battery on a schedule every 4 years, if the scenario of its use is not very aggressive.

About battery life

For any UPS, its data sheet indicates at least the battery life at full power load (usually 3-10 minutes if only internal batteries are used). The operating time at half power is often specified. Some manufacturers provide precise graphs on their websites, from where you can find out the exact number of minutes at the load of interest to the consumer.

The general recommendation is to use a UPS at 0.5-0.75 full power. This allows you to correctly shut down the equipment (unless, of course, we are talking about starting a diesel generator set). This is exactly what gives 5-15 minutes of autonomy.

What to do if you need more battery life:

• use special series of UPSs with more capacious batteries (for example, the name may contain Extended Run);
• use a UPS with the ability to connect external batteries.

In this way, a battery life of several hours can be achieved. What to consider when doing this:

• If the UPS operates at a lower load percentage (e.g. 20-30-50%), then the actual battery life may be longer, but the efficiency will be greatly reduced. For home and simple office applications this is not so important, however, for large installations of tens of kW, efficiency is never neglected;
• A UPS of any design cannot connect to an unlimited number of external battery units. This is because in order to charge the batteries, the UPS circuit must produce charging current. If there are a lot of batteries, then the current increases to some limiting values ​​that the power grid itself can provide. Therefore, in practice, about 10 external battery packs can be connected to a medium-power UPS (1-20 kW) at the level of a telecommunications cabinet. The autonomy time will still remain on the order of several hours. For large UPSs, batteries are usually batteries in special racks or closed cabinets, and their number is selected by special calculations;
• It is not cost effective to maintain a large number of batteries; their average service life is 5 years. There are special series for 10-12 years. Battery life is greatly influenced by environmental conditions;
• a large number of batteries (in any design) means a large mass and dimensions, and the load factor on the floor comes into play, which must be coordinated with the building maintenance service;
• economic calculations carried out by UPS manufacturers show that starting from a certain threshold of autonomy time (taken for a given power level), the total cost of ownership of a UPS + diesel generator system becomes less than the total cost of ownership of a large fleet of batteries.

IPPON Smart Protect Pro 700

IPPON Smart Protect Pro 700

- an excellent UPS with an output power of
700
VA - provides power to the computer with sinusoidal current, while maintaining the frequency on the battery around
50
Hz (according to the passport +/-
5
Hz).
To switch from mains operation to battery operation, Smart Protect Pro 700 spends an average of about 5.4
milliseconds with the stated
4
-
6
.
During testing, there were two tests in which the transition mode was 7
milliseconds, but this did not affect the operation of the system unit in any way: the computer continued to work stably.

Although the device contains a sealed lead-acid battery, charging to full capacity (95

%) occurs in just three and a half hours (according to the passport for
4
), which distinguishes this model from a number of others in the same class, where the recharge time can be one and a half to two times longer. However, in an apartment there is practically no need to completely recharge between two power outages. This characteristic is important only if Smart Protect Pro 700 is used on workstations and servers.

In the absence of power in the network, IPPON maintained normal operation of the system unit with a monitor for 38

minutes.
The uninterruptible power supply constantly filters electromagnetic interference over a frequency range sufficient to prevent interference when working on a home network.
The device also passed the test for resistance to energy surge (up to 400

As for ergonomics, IPPON has it at the highest level. Small dimensions for this class of devices - 36.5x14x18 cm - and modest weight 14

kg is just a plus. The device is equipped with visual indicators of the battery charge level and the load on the UPS. For each emergency situation, there is a signal that is loud enough to be heard if you are close to the computer.

In general, this model is more suitable for home use than the previous one. Compact size and light weight with a very long time of maintaining computer power, and a more attractive price in the area $130

.

“MANIA” RATING: 9/10

Additional UPS protection

Any UPS supports a standard set of protection:

• overload protection
• protection against high voltage impulses
• short circuit protection
• interference filtering
• power fuse

It is desirable that the power fuse be automatic in the form of a button. Then, if something happens, you don’t have to look for a replacement or take the UPS for repairs; you just need to press a button and the UPS’s operation will be restored.

In addition, the UPS may have RJ45 connectors to protect against breakdowns via the Internet cable and RJ11 to protect the telephone line, including a DSL modem.

Yes, there are separate devices and surge protectors with similar protection, but in a high-quality UPS it is better.

Buy a UPS with an automatic fuse, and for a private home, with RJ45 or RJ11 line protection (depending on the type of Internet connection).

Main types of uninterruptible power supply

There are three types of UPS on the Ukrainian market. These are on-line, off-line and linearly interactive. On-line is the most modern sources that exist in the world today. The essence of their design is that they have a dual converter function. First, the voltage is converted to DC, and then from DC to AC. Simply put, no matter what current indicator is at the input, the output will have the indicator that is needed. Naturally, simplicity and reliability are expensive, but they are reliable. Off-line is a more budget option, but does not have the same function as its predecessor. In this version, whatever voltage comes in at the input, the same voltage comes out at the output. If the voltage goes beyond the capabilities of the UPS, the inverter is switched on and begins to draw energy from the battery, thereby converting it, for example, from 12V to 220V. When purchasing a source of this type, it is necessary to take into account the factor of identity of energy input and output. This means that if you are confident in the stability of the voltage in your home, then the device is suitable. If a case arises when the voltage reaches a point of, say, 250 V, when the norm is 220, then problems may arise here. With constant increased voltage, the boiler or pump may subsequently fail. Linear interactive devices operate on the same principle as Off-line devices, but unlike them they have a built-in voltage rectifier (stabilizer). I think the essence of his work is clear. The stabilizer equalizes the voltage in case of deviation in one direction or another. If the voltage exceeds its capabilities, then the battery is switched on.

UPS does not turn on

Why doesn't the uninterruptible power supply turn on? The situation when the uninterruptible power supply does not turn on can be perplexing, but the problem may lie in simple things. If your UPS has low power, then first of all you should make sure that the UPS is connected to the network. Next you need to check the voltage. If the voltage level is low enough for a long time, the UPS will not be able to operate under such conditions. In such conditions, the battery will be discharged, and the network parameters will not allow starting. If the uninterruptible power supply stops turning on with a known good battery, then diagnosing the problem will require special skills. The launch must be carried out in the strict order specified in the instructions. You can try a test run, which is carried out without a connected load. Next, you need to make sure that there is no short circuit or overload at the output of the uninterruptible power supply. Overload occurs when the load power exceeds the power of the UPS, which should not be allowed. Modern devices have built-in UPS protection against short circuits and overloads. If such protection is not provided, a sign of a malfunction is that the uninterruptible power supply regularly breaks down under load. If the connection is made using a terminal block, then you must ensure that the neutral, ground and phase are connected correctly. Very often, in three-phase uninterruptible power supplies, an error occurs in connecting the cables. Including polarity reversal, when the plus and minus are in the wrong place. Also, the UPS may not turn on if the battery pack is assembled incorrectly or the number of batteries is incorrect. It is important to note that if the rated voltage of the battery does not meet the requirement, the UPS may not turn on. In all these cases, it is necessary to double-check everything before concluding that the uninterruptible power supply cannot support the load. The use of third-party batteries may not have the best effect on the condition of the UPS. Car batteries cannot be used in uninterruptible power supplies. They are completely unsuitable for UPS, as they have a different structure and parameters. If the above tips do not help, then you need to contact a specialized service, where the uninterruptible power supply will be diagnosed using professional equipment.

About the method of connecting consumers

In monoblock UPSs of small and medium power, the load is connected directly to the output connectors. The type of output connector of the UPS must match the type of connector of the connected devices. By obvious safety standards, the connector on the UPS panel is always a female outlet. The main types of built-in connectors officially supplied to the Russian market:

1) CEE 7 (Euro socket, also called Schuko);

This type is used only in the simplest low-power UPS for home and small office

2) IEC 320 C13;

The most common type on low-power UPS, this connector is rated for a load current of no more than 10 A. C13-C14 cords are used to connect the load.

3) IEC 320 C19

The most common type on medium power UPS, often combined on 1-10 kVA UPS with C13 connectors. This connector is rated for a load current of no more than 16 A. Either powerful individual devices (for example, a chassis switch) or power distribution devices (PDU) at the telecommunications cabinet (rack) level are connected to the output of the C19 UPS. A typical PDU of this type is:

In the figure you can see the IEC 320 C20 connector on the right - the mating part for connecting to the UPS, for which the C19-C20 cord is used.

Note: The number of output connectors may vary between UPS types, and not all of them may be designed to support uninterruptible power supply. As is correct, the ratio of such connectors is indicated on each device, for example 4/3 (4 output connectors in total, 3 of them support uninterruptible power supply). For a detailed description, read the device manual.

UPS may also have various additional interfaces, such as USB for communication with a local computer. Or Ethernet for communication with the enterprise local network. This means that such a UPS can signal the devices connected to it that there is a loss of power, which allows them to start an automatic process of closing programs and then completely shutting down. This is an example of storing important computer data using UPS technology.

4) Terminal connection.

In English-language literature Hard Wire. Beginning to occur on mid-range UPS. This is necessary because not all consumers are equipped with standard IEC C14 or C20 sockets. Such sockets are found mainly in computer loads. If the consumer is industrial equipment, or one of the entire building systems, for example, lighting, then to connect such consumers it is necessary to organize a power supply panel. In addition, the UPS in such installations is almost always located in one room, and the load in another. Obviously, in this case it is necessary to organize the power cable by connecting it to the terminals of the uninterruptible power supply.

UPS terminal blocks are usually three bolted terminals for single phase output (phase, neutral, ground). An example of designation in the documentation is Hard Wire 3-wire (HN + G).

For three-phase output, these are five bolted contacts (phase 1, phase 2, phase 3, neutral, ground). Or in English documentation L1, L2, L3, N+G or N+PE).

The approximate power of various household appliances is shown in the table below:

What parameters to focus on when choosing a UPS

One of the main characteristics by which you need to choose a UPS is the maximum permissible power of the connected devices. Uninterruptible power supply can be used for a PC (system unit and monitor), router, office equipment, set-top boxes and other devices. The electricity they consume must be summed up.

The power of the UPS is indicated in VA (volt-amperes) or in W. When selecting a device, it is important not to confuse these indicators.

It is best to have a power reserve of 30-40%. Firstly, the computer can be upgraded to increase performance or additional peripherals can be connected to it.

And secondly, the battery life of household batteries (this is the second most important indicator) at maximum load is small and is usually 1-3 minutes.

At a consumption level of 50-70% of the maximum, batteries can power devices for much longer: 6-20 minutes for household models.

Some UPSs allow the connection of external batteries. This significantly extends battery life. A low-power computer can work for several hours

The input voltage range determines to what values ​​the uninterruptible power supply will not power the computer from batteries. If the voltage drops frequently, you should not use devices whose lower limit of this interval is greater than 180 V. Otherwise, frequently turning the batteries on and off will lead to a rapid loss of their capacity.

The number of output connectors does not at all guarantee the connection of the corresponding number of computer peripheral devices - the UPS is capable of carrying a certain power. It is always recommended to estimate the total volt-amperes of devices.

Many UPSs have an LCD display and/or a connection to a computer via a USB port. This allows you to program their actions in case of problems with power supply, as well as inform the computer operating system about this.

When placing uninterruptible power supplies in residential or office premises, their noise level is important. Devices operating on a backup power circuit do not emit much heat and do not have coolers, so they are the quietest.

If the UPS is paired with a computer and its fan is working properly, then it produces a sound comparable in power to the noise of the system unit. Sometimes, when overloaded, the uninterruptible power supply can produce high-frequency irritating sounds.

And the last parameter that needs to be taken into account is the weight of the device. Especially if its place will be on the shelves of a computer desk or there are plans to mount the device on the wall.

UPSs are often installed for other household appliances; read more about choosing such devices in the articles:

1. Uninterruptible power supply for TV: ten best UPS models + valuable tips before purchasing
2. UPS for gas heating boilers: purpose, review of models, maintenance tips

Design and principle of operation of the UPS

Before deciding which UPS to choose, you need to familiarize yourself with the device as a whole, as well as the principle of its operation. Among the main components there are various modules:

• power;
• distribution;
• control;
• management;
• indications;
• batteries.

This technique works according to the following principle:

• If there is a stable voltage in the network that meets certain limits, then current is supplied to the output of the UPS. This allows the internal batteries to be charged from an external power source.
• As soon as the light turns off, the power is lost or it may deviate significantly from the rated power, in which case the activation of the equipment output to the inverter begins, which supplies current to household appliances from the batteries.

The duration of operation is determined by the battery capacity, as well as the efficiency of the built-in inverter. An important factor is the power of the equipment used, which is powered by a UPS.