How to convert amps to watts and vice versa?

How many watts are in 1 ampere?

Now let's try to convert Watts to Amps.
And for this we need one more formula: In it, I is A, P is Watt, and U is Volt.

By making a simple calculation using this formula, we can find out how many Watts are in one A.

As we said earlier, there is another way to calculate how many watts are in 1 A. In order to use it, you will need to open an online calculator

and enter the power consumption as well as the voltage into it.

Next, you just need to click on the button labeled “calculate” and within a couple of seconds a special program will give you the correct value. By using this method, you will undoubtedly be able to save your time and effort, since you do not have to independently calculate all the indicators using formulas.

1 Volt is equal to the electrical voltage that causes a direct current of 1 ampere at a power of 1 watt in an electrical circuit.

Volt

(symbol:
V
,
V
) is a unit of measurement of electrical voltage in the SI system.

1 Volt is equal to the electrical voltage that causes a direct current of 1 ampere at a power of 1 watt in an electrical circuit.

Volt (V, V) can be defined either as the electrical voltage at the ends of a conductor required to generate one watt (W, W) of heat in it when a direct current of one ampere (A) flows through that conductor, or as the difference potentials between two points of the electrostatic field, when passing over a charge of 1 coulomb (C, C), work of 1 joule (J, J) is performed. Expressed in SI base units, one volt is equal to m2 kg s −3 A −1.

\

The unit is named after the Italian physicist and physiologist Alessandro Volta.

By this method, the value of a volt is unambiguously associated with the frequency standard set by a cesium clock: when a matrix consisting of several thousand Josephson junctions is irradiated with microwave radiation at frequencies from 10 to 80 GHz, a well-defined electrical voltage arises, with the help of which voltmeters are calibrated. Experiments have shown that this method is insensitive to the specific implementation of the installation and does not require the introduction of correction factors.

1 V = 1/300 units. SGSE potential.

What is Volt. Definition

A volt is defined as the potential difference across the ends of a conductor that dissipates one watt of power when the current through that conductor is one ampere.

From here, based on SI units, we get m² kg s-3 A-1, which is equivalent to joule of energy per coulomb of charge, J/C.

Definition based on the Josephson effect

The voltage of an electric current is a value that characterizes the difference in charges (potentials) between the poles or sections of the circuit through which the current flows.

Since 1990, the volt has been standardized by measurement using the time-dependent Josephson effect, which uses the Josephson constant as a reference to the standard, fixed by the 18th General Conference on Weights and Measurement as:

K{J-90} = 0.4835979 GHz/μV.

Multiples and submultiples

Decimal multiples and submultiples are formed using standard SI prefixes.

In accordance with the SI rules concerning derived units named after scientists, the name of the unit volt is written with a lowercase letter, and its designation is written with a capital letter. This spelling of the designation is also preserved in the designations of derived units formed using the volt. For example, the designation of the unit of measurement of electric field strength “volt per meter” is written as V/m.

Voltage scale

• The potential difference across the neuron membrane is 70 mV.
• NiCd battery - 1.2 V.
• Alkaline cell - 1.5 V.
• Lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4) - 3.3 V.
• Battery "Krona" - 9 V.
• Car battery - 12 V (for heavy trucks - 24 V).
• Household voltage is 220 V (rms).
• The voltage in the contact network of a tram and trolleybus is 600 V.
• Electrified railways - 3 kV (direct current), 25 kV (alternating current).
• Main power lines - 110 kV, 220 kV.
• The maximum voltage on power lines (Ekibastuz-Kokchetav) is 1.15 MV.
• The highest DC voltage obtained in the laboratory using a pelletron is 25 MV.
• Lightning - from 100 MV and above.

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Object of measurement

To determine volt-amperes (V•A), you will need to perform the following measurements:

1. First you will need to measure the current in amperes (A). This is the SI unit of I.
2. Next, the voltage should be measured in SI units - volts. It will show the force required for the flow of electric current in volts (V).
3. Calculate P - the amount of energy produced by current and volts together. Multiplying amperes (A) by volts (V) gives the resultant or energy.

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Measuring quantities

Direct current (—), or DC, is inherent in the process when it flows in one direction, for example, a flashlight with a battery uses a constant indicator. Alternating current (~) or AC refers to processes with alternating direction of electron movement, due to which it periodically changes its direction. In North America and Western Japan this occurs 60 times per second at a frequency of 60 Hz. In Russia, the EU, most of Australia, South America, Africa and Asia, the frequency is 50 Hz.

Watt's law formula

To convert these quantities, the formula of Watt's law is used:

Power (P) = Current (I) x Voltage (V), the same in units: watt = ampere x volt. To find amplifiers, use the Watt formula in reverse and divide the power by the voltage: Current (I) = Power (P) ÷ Voltage (V) I = 600 W : 120 V, then the value of I = 5A

Note! When specialists operate with large dimensions P, they use kilowatts (kW), 1 kW = 1000 W.

What is power Watt [W]

Power is a quantity that determines the ratio of work performed by a current source over a certain period of time. One watt corresponds to one ampere times one volt, but kilowatt/hour is used to determine energy costs.

It corresponds to the consumption of one thousand watts for 60 minutes of operation. It is by this indicator that the cost of electricity services is determined.

In most cases, the power consumed by the device is indicated in the technical documentation or on the packaging. The specified quantity is produced in one hour of work.

To help determine the current strength at a known power, a calculator will help, which converts one physical quantity to another.

What voltage is measured in volts and watts

Voltage in watts or volts is measured according to individual criteria. Voltage measurements are carried out in Volts, and in the drawings it is indicated by the letter V. The voltage is measured by a device - a voltmeter. The latest devices may be:

• Analog.
• Digital.

The first ones are more accurate.

Portable devices have voltmeters built into them, and these tools are used by electricians. Analog devices are installed on electrical panels: switchboards and generators. The latest equipment comes complete with digital meters.

The voltage value in accordance with international standards is established:

• Kilovolt – kV.
• Millivolt – mV.
• Volt - V.
• Megavolt - MV.
• Microvolt - µV.

Voltage measurementsImportant! Power is measured in watts (kilowatts). This value is directly proportional to the voltage, as well as to the magnitude of the current

The main difference is the designation of established indicators, according to the measurement system.

How many volts does 1 ampere contain?

kW to HP - how to convert correctly

As in the previous example, such questions are asked incorrectly. Converting voltage to current is possible only taking into account:

• electrical resistance of the circuit section;
• power;
• load characteristics;
• constant (variable) parameters of the power supply network.

However, it should be noted that in the Russian Federation, along with the international standard (SI), the non-system unit “Volt-ampere” is used. Its value is equal to 1 W of power, so there is no need to convert using additional coefficients. In this case we are talking about power supply with a sinusoidal signal in a single-phase network.

Volt-amp power refers to the total energy of the power source that is consumed per hour. Measure the actual voltage values ​​at the generator terminals and the current in the connected circuit. This means that in real conditions some of the energy will be wasted on:

• thermal heating;
• electromagnetic oscillations created by reactive components.

How much does an electric boiler consume?

Electric boilers are installed in houses for heating and water heating. However, the simplicity of the design and ease of operation hides high energy consumption. Models of electric boilers differ in power, design, number of circuits and method of heating the coolant (heating elements, electrode or induction heating). Double-circuit boilers are used for heating and water heating. Boiler models are more economical than flow-through ones.

The choice of boiler is made on the basis of the required power that it must have to ensure heating of premises of a given area. When calculating, it should be taken into account that kW is the minimum power of the device required to heat 10 sq.m. of room area. Additionally, climatic conditions, the presence of additional insulation, the condition of doors, windows, floors and the presence of cracks in them, and the thermal conductivity of walls are taken into account.

Note! The final power of an electric boiler is influenced by the method of heating the coolant, while electrode devices are able to heat a large area while consuming less electricity.

To determine the electricity consumption of an electric boiler, it is necessary to calculate its operating mode. It should be borne in mind that the device will operate at full capacity for half the season. The duration of its operation per day is taken into account. Thus, to determine the total electricity consumption per day, it is necessary to multiply the number of hours by the power of the device.

Double-circuit boilers consume electricity in both winter and summer.

To reduce the cost of energy consumption of the boiler, you should install a two-phase meter, according to which electricity is calculated at night at a reduced tariff. It will also save money by using an automatic control device for electrical appliances, which will control the operation of the device based on the time of day.

How to calculate your TV's electricity consumption

A TV is an essential element of household appliances in every home. Often, owners install several copies for each room. Devices can be of several types: cathode ray tube models, LED, LSD or plasma TVs. The power consumption of a device is affected by its type, screen size, color, brightness, white and black balance, active operation time, and duration of sleep mode. Based on the table of electricity consumption by household appliances, a TV uses an average of 0.1-0.3 kW.

Electrical energy consumption will depend on the type and operating mode of the TV.

The power of TVs in Watts with a cathode ray tube is 60-100 W per hour. On average he can work about 5 hours a day. Monthly consumption reaches 15 kW. This is how much electricity will be spent on its active operation. The TV also consumes 2-3 watts per hour in standby mode when plugged in. Total energy consumption can be 16.5-17.5 kW per month.

The energy consumption of LED or LSD models directly depends on the screen size. For example, an LSD TV with a 32-inch screen diagonal will consume 45-55 W per hour in operating mode, and 1 W in standby mode. The total electricity consumption per month is 6.7-9 kW. LED models consume on average 35-40% less electrical energy. In active mode, a 42-inch TV will use 80-100 W, in sleep mode - 0.3 W. Total consumption per month will be 15-20 kW.

Plasma TVs have good color reproduction. The TV power in kW is 0.15-0.19 in active mode, and 120 W/day in sleep mode. The total consumption per month can be 30-35 kW. To save energy, you should remove the plug from the socket, correctly adjust the brightness level depending on the time of day, and set the timer to automatically turn off.

Determination of power by current strength for a single-phase network

The need to perform this procedure most often arises when setting restrictions on the maximum power of an electrical appliance that can be connected to a specific outlet or group of outlets.

If this restriction is violated, the risk of fire increases, and the plastic decorative elements of the outlet may melt due to excess heat generated.

Based on the definitions, which are described in mathematical form by expressions (1) and (2), to find the power, you simply multiply the current by the voltage.

The maximum permissible current is indicated on the outlet marking and for most indoor household products of this type is usually 6 A.

Separately, we point out that the risks of damage to the outlet when connecting an overly powerful device are minimal in properly designed household wiring.

This useful property is provided by:

• installation of automatic machines;
• the use of plugs in powerful electrical appliances that physically cannot be connected to conventional sockets (mechanical interlocking).

A rather popular direct connection of a powerful stationary device (air conditioner, boiler) to the network without the use of sockets can be considered a unique version of mechanical interlocking.

Converting kilowatts to amperes (single-phase 220V network)

How to convert watts to amperes:

• make a list of all consumers: 5 LED lamps of 15 W each, heater 2.3 kW, laptop 120 W;
• recalculate into a single format: 2.3 * 1000 = 2,300 W;
• sum up the obtained values: 75 + 2,300 + 120 = 2,495 W;
• calculate the total current when all consumers are connected simultaneously:

I (current) = P (power) / U (voltage) = 2,495 / 220 = 11.34 A.

Select the machine with the nearest higher nominal value. For this example, a 16 A protective device is suitable. The serial product is designed for a load power of up to 3,500 W, which more than covers the existing needs. The power supply network is made of copper (aluminum) conductors with a cross-sectional area of ​​1.5 (2.5) square meters. mm, respectively.

Don't forget the circuit breaker

Another important component of the power supply system is circuit breakers (formerly called plugs). If you look at your distribution panel, you should see these devices with small colored switches and an indication of the maximum operating current. This is the switch. City apartments are most often equipped with 16, 25 or 32 A automatic circuit breakers. So, using the formula, you can calculate what device you need to install for the safe use of powerful equipment.

Let's return to the purchased stove, with a power of say 6 kW (6000 W). Using the formula, we get - 6000 W/220V = 27 A. Accordingly, for the normal functioning of your stove, you need to install a 32 A machine. And it is still advisable to install a separate machine for each powerful device. Because if there are also, say, sockets “hanging” on it, then if you turn it on at the same time as the equipment, the machine can be knocked out.

If you have seriously decided to do the installation of equipment or wiring at home yourself, then it would be better to take a short online electrician course. Because without basic knowledge there is nothing to do in the switchboard.

It seems that nothing is simpler than connecting a couple of wires, but make a little mistake and you are guaranteed a short circuit. Therefore, to avoid unpleasant consequences, always double-check all connections. And if you have any difficulties, do not hesitate to seek help from specialists.

How to use an online calculator

Knowing the current parameters, you can independently calculate such an important parameter as power. This value determines the rate of energy consumption per unit of time, so you can calculate additional costs and load on the network when the device is turned on.

What information will you need to enter:

• Mains voltage, which may also vary. Car wiring is usually designed for 12 V voltage. On older models, the indicator is still 6 V, and on large vehicles - 24 V (buses or trucks with diesel engines).
• Rated current, the value of which can usually be found from the technical data sheet of the equipment. Typically, such information is placed directly on the device body.

The intuitive interface of the calculator will allow you to quickly convert amperes to kilowatts and perform other similar operations. The service will allow you to quickly convert the power consumption of electrical appliances in order to calculate the load on the network. In addition, such a calculator will provide car owners with complete information about the consumed power of the electrical network. This will allow you to easily select a new battery and replace individual electrical wiring components.

Converting amperes to kilowatts (single-phase 220V network)

An example of how to calculate watts:

• a 15A circuit breaker is installed in the electrical panel (the nominal characteristics are indicated on the housing);
• To calculate the permissible load in a 220 V , the classic formula is used:

P (power, W) = U (voltage, Volt) * I (current, Ampere).

• Substituting the original values, perform the Watt calculation:

220*15= 3 300.

For your information. For convenience, the result obtained can be converted into multiple units: 3,300 W = 3.3 kW (kilowatts).

Multiples and submultiples [edit | edit code ]

For calculations involving power, it is not always convenient to use the watt itself. Sometimes, when the quantities being measured are very large or very small, it is much more convenient to use a unit of measurement with standard prefixes, which avoids constant calculations of the order of the value. Thus, when designing and calculating radars and radio receivers, pW or nW are most often used; for medical devices such as EEG and ECG, μW is used. In the production of electricity, as well as in the design of railway locomotives, megawatts (MW) and gigawatts (GW) are used.

The standard SI prefixes for watt are given in the following table.

What is "watt"

This measurement unit belongs to the international classification SI and is a derivative. It is described as a power indicator at which 1 joule of energy is expended per second. It can also be given the following characteristic: it describes how quickly work is performed to maintain a constant speed of an object of 1 meter per second, forced to overcome the action of a force of 1 Newton, the vector of which is opposite to that of the moving body. To describe electromagnetic phenomena, the representation of a watt is also used as the rate of transformation of electricity with an electric current of 1 A flowing through a circuit fragment with a potential difference of 1 volt. An LED light bulb typically has a power consumption of several watts. Based on this, it should be clear that questions like “how many watts are in a volt” are irrelevant - these units describe completely different physical quantities.

In writing, the unit is usually denoted as “W” or “W”. The name itself was given by the name of the Scottish mechanic James Watt, who invented the steam engine. The unit was adopted for use in measuring power in 1882, and entered the SI system in 1960. Previously, the same quantities were usually measured in horsepower. A measuring device – a wattmeter – will help you find out the power parameters. For electrical appliances for professional or household use, the power consumption is indicated in the technical documentation attached to them, for example, in the device passport. On thyristors and other electronic components, the value is sometimes indicated by markings on the case.

James Watt

It is generally accepted that the total power value in practice, characterizing the actual load level introduced by the consumer to the components connected to the electrical network (switchboards, cable elements, transformer and other devices), is determined by the current consumption. Therefore, for transforming and switching devices, the power rating is described in the watt form, and not in the volt-ampere form.

Efficiency is also called power factor or cos fi. It is a dimensionless quantity that changes the current in accordance with the reactive component in the load. The coefficient illustrates the amount of alternating current passing through a phase shift relative to the applied voltage. The name cos fi denotes the cosine of a given phase shift.

An example is a hammer drill, the instructions for which indicate a consumption figure of 5 kW and a coefficient of 0.85. Then the full indicator required for its operation (in volt-amperes) will be equal to the quotient of these values: 5/0.85 = 5.89 kVA.

An electric kettle is an example of a device that does not have reactive power

What is the difference between W and V (V and A)

What is the difference between a volt and an ampere: Volt is a unit of measurement of voltage, and watt is a unit of power. V is the difference created in the electrical potential across a wire line when a current of 1A dissipates a unit of power, i.e. voltage. The definition of voltage is that it is the potential of electricity between different points. Along with this, it is used to indicate the difference in potential energy of an electric charge between points. An energy source is a voltage that represents expended or lost energy.

About power

Attention! Voltage is hypothetically similar to the pressure created in a circuit, pushing electrons through.

The passage of current must be ensured on two paths. This characteristic is considered the total energy for moving the charge. The definition of voltage is based on the fact that negative charges are attracted to high values, and positive charges to low values.

W – speed of work. The speed is maintained at 1 meter per second against a constant reaction force of 1 newton. If we consider it in relation to electromagnetism, the unit is the rate of work done when 1 ampere passes through a potential difference of 1V. Watt is a measure of power.

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Power

Power is the energy flow with which energy is consumed. It happens that in the description of a device it appears instead of kW - kVA. To determine this value, you need to know what is measured in kVA.

No energy is expended to complete the work, but on the contrary:

• One of the factions becomes active, that is, it performs work or transforms into another form.
• The other faction is reactive. The energy is directed into an electromagnetic field.

Attention! These quantities are different, despite the same proportionality. To avoid confusion, the indicator is measured not in watts, but in volt-amperes.

Mechanical power

Not to be confused with kilowatt hour

Probably everyone has heard at least once in their life about such a unit as a kilowatt-hour (kWh). This unit measures the work done by the device per unit of time. In order to understand its difference from a kilowatt, let’s take the example of a home TV with a power consumption of 250 W. If you connect it to an electric meter and turn it on, then exactly an hour later the meter will show that the TV has consumed 0.25 kW of electricity. That is, the TV consumption is 0.25 kWh. A device with such a consumption value, left on for 4 hours, will “burn”, respectively, 1 kW of energy. The daily consumption of a particular device depends on the features of its design, and sometimes it may turn out that the devices that seem the least “gluttonous” to us actually make up a larger share of the total electricity costs. So, for example, a regular TV has 4 times lower consumption compared to a 100 W incandescent lamp. In turn, an electric kettle “burns” three times more light than such a light bulb. The average daily energy consumption of a personal computer is about 14 kW, and that of a refrigerator is up to 1.5 kW.

Safety precautions when measuring voltage

Since, depending on the safety class of the room and its condition, even relatively low voltages of 12–36 V can pose a danger to life, the following rules must be followed:

1. Do not carry out voltage measurements that require certain professional skills (over 1000 V).
2. Do not measure voltages in hard-to-reach places or at heights.
3. When measuring voltages in a household network, use special means of protection against electric shock (rubber gloves, mats, boots or boots).
4. Use a proper measuring tool.
5. In the case of using multifunctional instruments (multimeters), ensure that the parameter being measured and its value are correctly set before measurement.
6. Use a measuring device with working probes.
7. Strictly follow the manufacturer's recommendations for using the measuring device.

– (French volte, Italian voltu, from Latin volutus rotated). 1) a circle made by a horse rider. 2) in fencing: evading an enemy’s blow. 3) a special kind of overexposure, manipulation in a card game. 4) in Western Europe of the Middle Ages, magical... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

1. VOLT, a; pl. genus. volt; m. Unit of measurement of electrical voltage, electromotive force. ● After the name of the Italian physicist A. Volta (1745 1827), one of the founders of the doctrine of electricity. 2. VOLT, a; m. Special 1. In... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

VOLT, ah, on volt, husband. (specialist.). 1. In dressage riding: a sharp circular turn. 2. In fencing: evading an enemy's blow. II. VOLT, ah, gen. pl. volts and preferential when counting. volt, man Unit of electrical voltage and electrical force ... Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary

volt

– VOLT, ah, m. Sharpie’s trick: overexposure. ◘ What I showed you I call a dead volt. V.V. Krestovsky. St. Petersburg slums, 1864 1867. ◘ Teach me how to make volts! A.N. Ostrovsky. Forest, 1870. ◘ In commercial games one... ... Card terminology and jargon of the 19th century

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

1. VOLT1, volta, rod. pl. volt, man (physical). A unit of measurement for electrical current voltage. (Named by Italian physics Volta.) 2. VOLT2, volta, about volta, on volta, man. (French volte). 1. Detour around the arena during horseback riding exercises... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

VOLT 2, a, rod. pl. volts and preferential when counting. volt, m. Unit of electrical voltage and electrical force. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Driving around the arena during horse riding exercises (sports); circular track of the arena (sports) (Ushakov) See ... Dictionary of synonyms

On the run. Jarg. they say Joking. Confusion in thoughts. Maksimov, 68. Volt flew (flew). Jarg. they say Joking. About a long and cheerful laugh. Maksimov, 68. Two hundred and twenty volts. Jarg. school Joking. Physics teacher. (Recorded 2003) ... Large dictionary of Russian sayings

VOLT

– VOLT, a practical unit used to measure potential differences (electrical). 1 V equals 108 absolute electromagnetic units (CGSM) potential, or ^zoo absolute electrostatic unit (CGSE). This is approximately the difference... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

VOLT 1, a, per volt, m. (special). Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Books

• Bolt, Jesse Russell. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Volt (Russian designation: V; international: V) – in...
• Bolt (cartoon), Jesse Russell. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! “Volt” (English Bolt) is a full-length computer…

How to convert watt to ampere

You need to convert watts to amperes in a situation where you need to install a protective device and you need to choose what rated current it should have. It is clear from the operating instructions how many watts a household appliance connected to a single-phase network consumes.

The task is to calculate how many amperes in watts or what kind of socket to connect to if the microwave oven consumes 1.5 kW. For ease of calculation, it is better to convert kilowatts into watts: 1.5 kW = 1500 W. We substitute the values ​​into the formula and get: 1500 W / 220 V = 6.81 A. We round the values ​​up and get 1500 W in terms of amperes - microwave current consumption is at least 7 A.

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If you connect several devices simultaneously to one protection device, then in order to calculate how many amperes there are in watts, you need to add all the consumption values ​​together. For example, the room uses lighting with 10 pcs LED lamps. 6 W, iron 2 kW and TV 30 W. First, all indicators need to be converted into watts, it turns out:

• lamps 6*10= 60 W,
• iron 2 kW=2000 W,
• TV 30 W.

60+2000+30=2090 W.

Now you can convert amperes to watts, to do this we substitute the values ​​in the formula 2090/220 V = 9.5 A ~ 10 A. Answer: current consumption is about 10 A.

You need to know how to convert amps to watts without a calculator. The table shows the correspondence between the rate of electricity consumption and the current strength for single-phase and three-phase networks.

How to measure power in volt-amps

Before you convert volt-ampere (V•A) into amplifiers, you need to understand what these measurements are. The current-voltage characteristic is an apparent measure of power, while the ampere is a measure of current.

Volt-ampere characteristics

So to convert between them you need to use the formula:

Power = Voltage × Current Using the P formula as a starting point and modifying it, you can convert power to V•A: I (A) = power (V•A) : voltage (V) For example, you need to calculate amplifiers for a single-phase electrical circuit with P = 1800 V•A at 120 volts. I (A) = 1800 V•A : 120 volts I (A) = 15 A

Thus, a circuit with 1800 VA apparent power at 120 volts has an I rating of 15 amps.

Converting VA to current for a three-phase electrical circuit is slightly different. For the calculation, a modified three-phase formula is used.

I (A) = Power (V•A) : (√3 × Voltage (V))

For a three-phase electrical circuit, I in amperes is equal to the power in volt-amps divided by the square root of three.

Reactive power in VAR

For example, you need to find amplifiers for a three-phase electrical circuit with P = 33,255 V at a voltage of 480 V.

I (A) = 33,255 V•A : (√3 × 480 V) I (A) = 33,255 V•A : 831.38 VI (A) = 40 A It can be seen that a circuit with an apparent power of 33,255 V •A at 480 V will have a nominal I = 40 A.

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Tables of ratios of amperes, volts, watts, ohms

To simplify, the main parameters of the electrical circuit are explained using the example of the functioning of a conventional pipeline. The movement of fluid is ensured by the pressure difference. The narrowing (expansion) of the transport route changes the flow resistance accordingly. If necessary, using the listed parameters or experimentally, you can set the pipeline productivity in liters per unit of time.

By analogy with the above description, the potential difference (voltage) ensures the movement of electric charges (current). As the cross-section of the conductor decreases, the electrical resistance increases. Knowing the basic parameters, it is easy to calculate the power consumption of the connected load.

Table for calculating the comfort zone of “electronic” cigarettes

The specified power data corresponds to certain resistance and voltage values. Similar tables are compiled for converting Watts into amperes and other quantities. This example clearly demonstrates the main disadvantages of the tabular form:

• complexity of processing large amounts of data;
• discreteness of information provision;
• limited accuracy.

Graphical representation of basic formulas for calculating electrical parameters

Using calculations, you can convert volts to amperes quickly and accurately.

For your information. As an alternative, an electrical quantity converter is used, which is available for free use on reference and specialized websites on the Internet.

What is the maximum amperage for sockets?

Most often, modern 220V home sockets are designed for a maximum current of 10 or 16 Amps. Some manufacturers claim that their sockets can withstand 25 Amps, but there are very few such models.

Old, Soviet sockets, which are still found in our apartments, are generally designed for only 6 Amperes.

The maximum that you can find in a standard typical apartment is a power outlet for an electric stove or hob, which can withstand current up to 32 Amperes.

These are manufacturer-guaranteed indicators of the current strength that the socket will withstand and not be destroyed. These characteristics are necessarily indicated either on the socket body or on its mechanism.

When choosing electrical installation products, keep in mind that, for example, a 16 Ampere outlet will withstand about 3.5 kilowatts of power, and a 10 Ampere outlet will only handle 2.2 Kilowatts. Below is a table of the maximum power of connected equipment for outlets, depending on the number of amperes for which they are designed.

Most often, all household electrical equipment that is plugged into standard 220V sockets does not exceed 3.5 kW in power; more powerful devices have different connectors for connection or are supplied without an electrical plug, designed to be connected to terminals or to electrical plugs for power sockets .

I advise you to always choose sockets designed for a current of 16 Amps or more - they are more reliable. After all, most often electrical wiring in apartments is laid with copper cable with a core cross-section of 2.5 mm2. and place the machine on 16 Ampere sockets. Therefore, if you choose an outlet rated for 10 Amperes and connect a large load to it, the automatic protection will not work, and the outlet will begin to heat up and melt, which may cause a fire.

If you still have questions about the characteristics of sockets or their choice, be sure to write, I will try to help. In addition, any criticism, additions, opinions are welcome - write.

When it comes to current, power and voltage, it is important to understand that these quantities are 3 sides of the same coin. Power is equal to the ratio of work performed over a certain period of time to this period of time

Measured in Watts. 1000 Watt = 1 kW

Power

– equal to the ratio of work performed over a certain period of time to this period of time.
Measured in Watts
. 1000 Watt = 1 kW

Force

– Directed movement of charged particles.
Shows how much charge passes through the cross section of a conductor per unit time. Measured in Amperes
.

Voltage

– is equal to the ratio of the work of the electric field to move a charge to the amount of charge moved in a section of the circuit.
Voltage is a quantity that shows how much work the field did when moving a charge from one point to another. Measured in Volts
.

Concepts such as “voltage”, “power” and “force” can be compared with the flow of water: volts (voltage) - water pressure in a water supply system, amperes (current strength) - the amount of water that “flows” per unit of time (depending on current consumer, i.e. how hard you turn on the tap), watts (power) is the work, say, of the movement of turbine blades: pressure multiplied by current. Accordingly, the power on the power supply is important - will the device pull, on the battery - the voltage - will the consumer withstand it, and on devices for a network with a known voltage - we have 220 - the current limit, if multiplied by the voltage, at the same time the power limit.

Accordingly, how to determine power, knowing the current and voltage?

VA and IPS difference

VA literally means Vertical Alignment, i.e. vertical alignment in the display matrix, and IPS - In-Plane Switching or planar switching. Although both types of panels do the same basic job - passing LED backlights through pixel blocks and color filters to form an image on a 4K TV. Each of them accomplishes this fundamental task in its own specific ways. This of course has a big impact on how both technologies work.

To summarize, all LCD TVs, whether 4K or not, operate on tiny liquid crystal structures within the RGB (red, green and blue) color packets that make up each pixel to form different color images by reacting and changing the position of these crystals when passed through them. electric current passes. Depending on how the said crystals are charged, their position changes and either blocks light or allows some light to pass through them.

The ultimate goal of an IPS and VA TV is to create specific levels of brightness, black depth and color reproduction. However, as we have already said, each matrix performs the process described above in its own way and the results of the work vary greatly. In the case of IPS displays, their LCD crystals are structurally aligned horizontally.

When they are charged, they spin in a way that either allows light to pass through or blocks it. VA displays have a crystal alignment that is vertical (as the name suggests) and these crystals only move horizontally when charged to allow light to pass through.

However, because when closed, VA display crystals are vertically aligned and therefore more narrowly spaced, they block light more effectively when needed. In contrast, IPS crystals tend to transmit more backlight light due to the constant horizontal orientation.

Another effect of these different alignment methods is that while VA panels are much better at blocking light due to their vertically enclosed positioning, this same arrangement results in viewing angles on VA TVs being significantly narrower.

There are other differences between the two TVs, which we will show below, but in general terms. IPS TV panels provide a much wider viewing angle at the expense of black levels and contrast. 4K VA TV panels provide excellent black levels and contrast, which are extremely important for high picture quality. But the advantage of IPS is excellent viewing angles. Let's look at these and other details a little more closely.

Black Level and Uniformity

Absolute black levels are undoubtedly better displayed on 4K TVs with vertically oriented IPS or VA matrix crystals. This is what we've seen in all cases of using VA on any 4K TV from any brand, compared to models using IPS from the same or any other brand.

A typical 2016 or 2022 VA display can produce black levels between 0.025 and 0.015 nits, while their IPS opponents, even from top manufacturers like Vizio, Sony and LG, deliver levels between 0.075 and 0.090 nits. This is a big difference, especially noticeable when shooting in high contrast or when watching TV in dimly lit rooms.

This is probably the biggest negative of IPS panels, and since contrast and deep, rich blacks are extremely important for high-quality images, weak blacks of IPS panels can negatively impact color perception and realism. They can also affect the quality of HDR, since even in HDR mode, IPS TVs have insufficient black levels.

It should be noted, however, that some 4K IPS TVs come with local dimming technology. A particularly good example of this are several of Vizio's 2016 and 2022 HDR LCD 4K TVs.

Local dimming, which essentially turns off portions of an LCD TV's LED backlight, can thereby allow an IPS TV to display much deeper black levels when the feature is activated. This fully applies to TVs with full-array LED backlighting of an IPS 4K matrix, for example, the 55-inch Vizio P-series model.

Black uniformity on IPS 4K TVs also suffers greatly due to the nature of IPS pixel arrays. Because their pixels let in more light overall, small changes in LED backlight brightness will be much more noticeable due to cloudy effects when the display should be pitch black.

Conclusion 1 : VA technology is an absolute winner in delivering excellent black levels and black uniformity.

Contrast

With such a comparison, the answer to the question of which matrix is ​​better, IPS or VA, should be obvious. Given the much better black levels with vertical alignment technology, contrast on VA TVs is significantly higher than IPS models, unless you take into account the high quality of local dimming.

The difference in contrast is huge. While a typical 4K TV model with VA can at least handle a contrast ratio of 3500:1, and in many cases achieve a ratio of 6000:1 or higher, 4K IPS TVs are still characterized by a contrast ratio below frames 1400:1.

And for most IPS 4K TVs, such as many LG LCD TV models, the contrast ratio is actually even weaker - in some cases 850:1 or even lower. This, of course, can be expected from IPS, but you must admit that this is not a very good indicator of image quality.

Finding 2 : In terms of contrast, VA is the winner by a huge margin.

Color efficiency

When it comes to 4K HDR TVs with wide color gamut and 10-bit color, the difference in color tones between IPS and VA models is almost zero. In other words, while HDR color performance is the same, two different panel types perform roughly the same, delivering high dynamic range color, i.e. 10-bit color with 1.07 billion shades at full saturation.

LG Super UHD 4K HDR TVs like the LG 65UH9500 and LG UH8500 are two particularly notable IPS TV models with excellent color performance, despite their weak contrast performance and black levels compared to a typical average VA HDR TV with the same color performance.

However, good black levels and contrast create a visual perception of brighter colors due to the way the human eye perceives shades. Thus, a VA TV with deeper, richer blacks may appear as if it is delivering sharper, richer colors in the picture simply because dark tones on the screen contrast much more vividly with colorful objects in the same piece of content. Therefore, viewers should keep in mind this reason why black levels and high contrast are considered so important for a more realistic and high level of picture quality.

Conclusion 3 : Based on actual comparisons of source color levels, VA or IPS TV panels are technically comparable. However, from a human visual perspective, the higher contrast and deeper black tone of a VA panel may lead the viewer to infer a higher color quality.

Reproduction of motion

Where do 4K IPS TVs really beat their VA-based counterparts? There are two important factors here. First of all, IPS - due to its horizontal pixel alignment - provides much better viewing angles than a VA display.

The average 4K VA TV loses significant color accuracy and contrast at angles of 20 to 25 degrees from dead center, while an IPS TV can often deliver excellent picture quality even when viewed more than 50 degrees off center. This means that if you have a large living room and some of your viewing positions are located to the side of where the TV is, then VA will ruin the viewing experience while IPS will produce a great picture.

Second, IPS TVs tend to consume less power than their VA counterparts due to lower peak brightness levels (think contrast). This, of course, means your TV won't boast the glare of a VA competitor, but if you're worried about saving money on your energy bill, IPS will give you a definite edge.

It's worth noting that motion processing on 4K TVs is not significantly affected by whether your TV has an IPS or VA panel. In our experience, TVs with excellent motion handling can come in both versions, handling motion blur, judder and other things like motion interpolation equally well. In general, if a TV has trouble reproducing on-screen motion, it is not determined by whether it is either IPS or VA.

Errors when calculating V•A

The ratios of volt amperes and watts for certain types of electrical appliances and devices, for example, light bulbs, are identical. But when talking about computers, watts and V•A will be different, but V•A will always be greater than or equal to watts. The gap is related to power factor (PF), which varies among devices. If you do not take it into account, then when selecting equipment elements an error will be made and they will not fit the main device.

If we consider the choice of a UPS for a personal computer, and on the passport data the rating is indicated in voltamper, this will make it difficult to select a rating in W. When there are no exact indicators of P, do the following - the load data indicated on the nameplate is taken equal to 60% of the V•A indicator of the UPS.

Online calculator

Additional Information. In order to more accurately determine the data, you can use an online calculator. Some websites provide the user with the required P if they click on the device type, such as TV or desktop. These sites often show graphical charts that make it easy to measure the V•A of various appliances, from refrigerators to computers.

It can be concluded that V•A is an important characteristic for modern electrical devices and equipment. If this indicator is not taken into account when purchasing electrical devices, they will operate in overload mode, which will lead to their premature failure.

Conversion of watts to amperes for three-phase alternating voltage

Sequencing:

• To select a suitable protective device, use the following formula:

I = P/ (U * √3)

• summarize the power of connected devices:

2,300 + 2,400 +1,800 = 6,500 W

• calculate the current in the circuit at maximum load:

6,500/(380 * 1.732) = 9.876 A.

Select a suitable machine for a three-phase network. In this example, a product rated at 10 A is suitable.